Passive Congregation Theory for Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO): an Application in Reservoir System Operation

For many years, lands in Cameron Highland have been opened and leveled for agricultural farming and intensive crop production. Land-disturbing activities such as agricultural operations that are conducted on regions with steep slopes leads to a high potential of soil erosion, sedimentation and landslide occurrences. As a results, this phenomenon producing large amounts of sediment transported and deposited to the receiving waters or reservoirs. The development of best management practices (BMPs) for agricultural activities is an important step towards minimizing the amount of soil erosion and landslide incidents in Cameron Highlands. Therefore, this Erosion and Sediment Control Guideline for Agricultural Activities in Hilly Area aims to minimize erosion and sedimentation from the agricultural area in Cameron Highlands especially in the scope of reservoir sedimentation management. There numbers of steps taken in order to establish this guidelines. The first step is to define the scope with the purpose of the guideline and conduct a literature review. In order to assess the quality and feasibility of the study to formulate the frameworks, engagement with stakeholders was conducted. Lastly is to undergo review and update based on the recommendations by related stakeholders. Finally, before the establishment of guidelines, all recommendations by related stakeholders are take in account that consists of Best Management Practices components which will be applied in the agricultural area to mitigate issues and problems especially in erosion control and reservoir sedimentation management. The Erosion Control Measures are including agronomic measures, soil management, mechanical methods and Rainwater Harvesting Techniques. Subsequently, these measures are used to apply in open or sheltered farming to control the erosion and sedimentation issues based on the erosion risk level. As a conclusion, this guideline will be useful for the stakeholders especially to local community, dam owners and local authority to mitigate and solve the issues related to erosion and sedimentation in hilly agricultural area

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion and Sediment Control Best Management Practices in Agricultural Farms for Effective Reservoir Sedimentation Management at Cameron Highlands

Noh*,

Sidek,

Wayayok

et al. 2019

“…the rivers are being polluted and caused shattering floods too. In November 2014, due to flooding of several rivers the flood killed six peoples and caused numerous economic losses in this area [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Effective Public Outreach Program (POP) in Cameron Highlands

Said*,

Marufuzzaman,

Sidek

et al. 2019

Public Outreach Program is performed in Cameron Highlands with the goals of sharing and disseminating ongoing information and future infrastructural works, as well as encouraging the public to take responsibility in controlling erosion and sediment issues and protecting the environment. Total 150 contributors had been concerned in this program consisting of 50 personnel from related agencies and 100 members from the community. These contributors had been policymakers, resource managers, students, individuals of the public and specialists. This paper has explained the process and strategies involved along the process of Public Outreach Program. The finding and information obtained through this program are believed can contribute towards the better management practices in the future.

“…Activities like construction buildings, roads, highways where related to deforestation can be lead to severe soil erosion especially in steep areas [1][2][3]. Heavy rainfall is identified as a one of the cause for soil erosion which rainfall can lead and produce soil mass movements and landslides [4][5][6][7]. Therefore, government authorities need to enforce acts and regulations regarding the deforestation activities, so that it can be controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide Susceptibility Modelling for Agricultural Activities in Hilly Areas

Ishak*,

Sidek,

Wayayok

et al. 2019

The slope failure risk assessment of a particular area can be prepared by considering the data available. Many attempts have been made to classify the risk where evaluations are made in rating or in grading the slopes based on their characteristics and erosion problems. The assessments were done for geo-hazard such as erosion and landslide recognized in planning and guidance. Most of the hazard risk analyses require detailed knowledge of the geo- environmental predisposition factors and initial events that led to failure. The results of these analyses consist of identification and mapping of all erosion induced landslide phenomenon and are often translated in the form of maps, which is the fundamental step of the hazard assessment. The ranking of susceptibility areas and the delineation of probable failure areas are among essential features relevant to the production of these maps. In this study, Landslide Susceptibility Modelling was developed by taking into consideration all the landslide susceptibility factors in Cameron Highlands. The landslide susceptibility map was produced based on the historical records of a landslide in that area for 20 years and the frequency ratio model was developed using mapoverlaying techniques. The susceptibility map offers substantial benefits as a regional-scale tool over earlier susceptibility maps and Cameron Highland landslide- susceptible terrain zoning. The susceptibility map has the advantage of assisting with the implementation of suitable efforts to prevent landslides.