Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure of Infants

Ownby, Dennis R.; Johnson, Christine Cole; Peterson, Edward L.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.154.12.1237

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, cotinine was present in the urine of 16 (14%) children whose parents had stated they were nonsmokers or ex-smokers. This might be attributed to exposure to other smokers in the family (in 93% of the homes there was a smoking family member habitually present, regardless of whether the parents smoked) as other authors have found (Cook et al, 1994;Dell'Orco et al, 1995;Irvine et al, 1997;Preston et al, 1997;Jordaan et al, 1999;Ownby et al, 2000); or exposure to nonhousehold smokers (Cook et al, 1994;Dell'Orco et al, 1995;Jordaan et al, 1999). Nonetheless, we might also suspect that some parents were not completely forthright in describing their smoking habits, an argument underlined by previous authors (Peterson et al, 1997;Seifert et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Health effects of children's passive smoking, through prenatal and/or postnatal exposure, have been well documented (US Environmental Protection Agency, 1992;World Health Organization, 1999). Parental smoking at home is the single most important source of passive exposure in childhood (Cook et al, 1994;Dell'Orco et al, 1995;Bakoula et al, 1997;Irvine et al, 1997;Winkelstein et al, 1997;Jordaan et al, 1999), although other family members, caregivers, visitors or friends may also contribute to the level of smokiness in the home (Cook et al, 1994;Irvine et al, 1997;Preston et al, 1997;Ownby et al, 2000). The combination of a questionnaire about parents' smoking behavior and determinations of cotinine (a biomarker of exposure) in organic fluids of children can be applied in epidemiologic studies to assess ETS exposure among children (Dell'Orco et al, 1995;Bakoula et al, 1997;Irvine et al, 1997;Peterson et al, 1997;Preston et al, 1997;Winkelstein et al, 1997;Bahc¸eciler et al, 1999;Jordaan et al, 1999;Oddoze et al, 1999;Seifert et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children: parental perception of smokiness at home and other factors associated with urinary cotinine in preschool children

Jurado

Muñoz

Luna

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Parental smoking behavior at home and sociodemographic variables may influence exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in children. A sample of 115 preschool children aged 3-6 years was enrolled in this study. ETS exposure was evaluated through a questionnaire about parents' smoking behavior and determinations of urinary cotinine F a biomarker of exposure F in children. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between the smoking behavior of each parent at home, sociodemographic factors and cotinine levels in children. The parental perception of smokiness in the home was significantly associated with urinary cotinine in children (r-partial coefficient ¼ 0.324; Po0.002). The father's education, mother's smoking status, and day of the week when urine was sampled (Tuesday) were also independently associated with levels of cotinine. These four variables explained 26.4% of the variance in the cotinine levels of children. In designing educational programs to reduce passive smoking among children, it is necessary to take into account those factors related with cotinine levels in children. Our results support the influence of the mothers' smoking status, the fathers' educational level, and the day of the week of sampling on cotinine in children. The perception of parents (smokers and nonsmokers) about the smokiness in the home could also be a useful indicator of the cotinine in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the household.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children: parental perception of smokiness at home and other factors associated with urinary cotinine in preschool children

Jurado

Muñoz

Luna

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…2 Several factors influence the intensity of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, such as the number of cigarettes smoked in the room, exposure time, proximity to the smoker, surface materials, ventilation, and the size of the room. 12 Parents smoking at home are mostly responsible for children's exposure to tobacco smoke 37,38 but other people's smoking also affects children's exposure 39 and becomes increasingly important when children grow older. 40 We previously showed that although children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke correlates with smoking by the parents, much variability is present in children's cotinine values both in smoking and in nonsmoking families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated With Attenuated Endothelial Function in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children

et al. 2007

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Background-Passive smoking is associated with early arterial damage in adults, but its effect on endothelial function in children is unknown. Methods and Results-Serum cotinine concentration was measured annually in children between 8 and 11 years of age who had participated since infancy in a randomized, prospective atherosclerosis prevention trial (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for children [STRIP]). At age 11, endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery were examined with high-resolution ultrasound in 402 children. These children were divided into 3 groups according to serum cotinine concentrations: the noncotinine group (nondetectable cotinine, nϭ229), the low cotinine group (cotinine between 0.2 and 1.6 ng/mL, nϭ134), and the top decile cotinine group (cotinine Ն1.7 ng/mL, nϭ39). Longitudinal cotinine data in children aged 8 to 11 years and ultrasound studies were available in 327 children. At age 11, the increase in cotinine concentration was associated with attenuated peak flow-mediated dilation response (meanϮSD: the noncotinine group 9.10Ϯ3.88%, the low-cotinine group 8.57Ϯ3.78%, and the top-decile cotinine group 7.73Ϯ3.85%; Pϭ0.03 for trend). Similarly, total dilation response (the area under the dilation response versus time curve between 40 and 180 seconds after hyperemia) was affected by the cotinine level (Pϭ0.02 for trend). These trends were not explained by traditional atherosclerosis risk factors. Arterial measures and passive smoking showed even stronger associations when longitudinal cotinine data were used (peak flow-mediated dilation, Pϭ0.01 for trend; total dilation response, Pϭ0.008 for trend). Conclusions-Exposure

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“…Apesar do forte impacto do tabagismo da mãe e do pai sobre os sintomas respiratórios, nota-se que quando se associa o tabagismo dos pais e dos moradores, são mais graves os resultados produzidos sobre a saúde respiratória das crianças, sugerindo um aumento na dose de exposição. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados por Ownby et al 18 , os quais estudando a exposição passiva de crianças de até dois anos de idade, verificaram que o fumo de outros moradores, além dos pais, contribuiu de forma significante para a doença respiratória.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tabagismo no domicílio e doença respiratória em crianças menores de cinco anos

et al. 2006

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A fumaça do tabaco no ambiente doméstico é o principal irritante do trato respiratório de crianças. Avaliaram-se os fatores associados aos sintomas e às enfermidades respiratórias, assim como a principal fonte de exposição ao tabagismo no domicílio de 2.037 crianças menores de cinco anos atendidas para vacinação em 10 dos 38 postos de saúde de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil (aproximadamente duzentas crianças por posto). Exposição ao tabagismo, a morbidade respiratória e as características sócio-demográficas foram obtidas por entrevista com o responsável pela criança. A prevalência de sintomáticos respiratórios foi de 59,9%, sendo maior para os que convivem com fumantes. A asma/bronquite foi a patologia que esteve mais fortemente associada com o tabagismo, sendo as variáveis que permaneceram associadas em modelo logístico hierarquizado: nível socioeconômico (OR = 2,93; IC95%: 1,57-5,45), escolaridade (OR = 1,46; IC95%: 1,08-1,98) e ocupação da mãe (OR = 1,68; IC95%: 1,04-2,74), distrito sanitário (RP = 1,47; IC95%: 1,06-2,02), faixa etária (OR = 3,38; IC95%: 2,31-4,95) e sexo da criança (OR = 1,46; IC95%: 1,09-1,94), aleitamento natural (OR = 1,66; IC95%: 1,15-2,40) e tabagismo dos moradores (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,18-2,11). Crianças pertencentes aos níveis socioeconômicos mais baixos e expostas ao tabagismo dos moradores do domicílio apresentam maior associação com a doença respiratória.

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Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure of Infants

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children: parental perception of smokiness at home and other factors associated with urinary cotinine in preschool children

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children: parental perception of smokiness at home and other factors associated with urinary cotinine in preschool children

Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated With Attenuated Endothelial Function in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children

Tabagismo no domicílio e doença respiratória em crianças menores de cinco anos

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