Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Soft Contact Lens Wear

Ward, Samantha K.; Doğru, Murat; Wakamatsu, Tais Hitomi; Ibrahim, Osama; Matsumoto, Yukihiro; Kojima, Takashi; Sato, Enrique Adan; Ogawa, Jun; Schnider, Cristina M.; Negishi, Kazuno; Tsubota, Kazuo

doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e3181d95188

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…For example, the average TER measured using a tear evaporimeter (KAO Corporation) was 1.8±1.2g/cm 2 per second before exposure to smoke compared with 3.3±2.0g/cm 2 per second after 5 min of smoke exposure [36]. Similar results were obtained among soft contact lens wearer who were exposed to passive cigarette smoke [37]. The TER was significantly (p<0.05) higher in contact lens wearer compared with non-contact lens wearer after exposure to cigarette smoke [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Assessment of the Tear Evaporation Rate in Chronic Smokers Using Delfin VapoMeter

Alanazi¹

2019

IJOVS

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Background: Smoking cigarettes is associated with many chronic illnesses such as cancer, heart diseases, and cataract. In addition, smokers are more likely to develop dry eye symptoms compared with nonsmokers. Purpose: To assess the tear evaporation rate in chronic smokers using a VapoMeter. Materials and Method: This observational, case-control and nonrandomized study included one hundred and twenty male smokers that ranged in age from 18 to 43 years (mean ± SD = 25.4±5.8 years). An age (18-43 years) matching control group (120 male subjects), with a mean age of 26.1±5.2 years participated in the study. Each participant completed the ocular surface disease index dry eye questionnaire, then a VapoMeter was used to determine the tear evaporation rate. Result: Significant (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; p<0.05) differences were found between the average scores collected from the ocular surface disease index and the tear evaporation rate measurements within the smokers and nonsmokers groups. The average tear evaporation rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the study group [median (interquartile range; IQR) = 37.7 (59.3) g/m 2 h] compared with that obtained in control group [15.4 (13.1) g/m 2 h]. Moreover, the average score from the ocular surface disease index in smokers was significantly (p<0.05) higher [15.4 (13.1)] compared with that obtained in the control group [5.4 (5.5)]. Conclusion: Smokers have significant higher tear evaporation rates compared with nonsmokers and normal eye subjects. Clearly, VapoMeter can be used as a reliable tool to assess the eye dryness due to excessive evaporation of tears. Smoking is a risk factor for cancer, heart diseases, and cataract. In addition, smoking is a risk factor for eye dryness and contributes to evaporative dry eye disease, more likely due to the disturbance in the non-polar lipid layer within the tear film. Lipid-rich eye drops could be used to manage dry eye symptoms in smoker subjects. Moreover, smoking cessation remains the single most effective prophylactic measure to avoid dry eye symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Assessment of the Tear Evaporation Rate in Chronic Smokers Using Delfin VapoMeter

Alanazi¹

2019

IJOVS

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“…Exposure to traffic pollution and combustion products has been associated with adverse effects on the PTF, for example, in the form of discomfort and reduced BUT, as found for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, although the causalities remain unclear …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

External eye symptoms in indoor environments

Wolkoff

2016

Indoor Air

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Eye irritation, for example dry or irritated eyes, is generally among top three reported symptoms in office-like environments, in particular among workplaces with cognitive demanding visual display unit (VDU) work. The symptoms are especially among middle and advanced ages and particularly among women more than men. The symptoms are also among the most commonly reported complaints in the eye clinic. To be in a position to interpret the high prevalence of eye symptoms, a multidisciplinary and integrated approach is necessary that involves the external eye physiology (separate from internal eye effects), eye diseases (evaporative dry eye (DE), aqueous-deficient DE, and gland dysfunctions), and risk factors that aggravate the stability of precorneal tear film (PTF) resulting in hyperosmolarity and initiation of inflammatory reactions. Indoor environmental, occupational and personal risk factors may aggravate the PTF stability; factors such as age, contact lenses, cosmetics, diet, draft, gender, low humidity and high temperature, medication, outdoor and combustion pollutants, and VDU work.Psychological stressors may further influence the reporting behavior of eye symptoms.The impact of the risk factors may occur in a combined and exacerbating manner. The symptoms are also among the most commonly reported complaints in the eye clinic, 8 and dry eye disease (DED) is the most common cause of chronic eye irritation in patients over age of 50. 9,10 These external symptoms, as opposed to internal symptoms such as tired or strained eyes (asthenopia) as already described by Dante in 1304-1307, 11 are categorized as dry eye (DE)-like symptoms.12 The symptoms are especially among middle and advanced ages throughout the world and expected to increase due to visually highly demanding workplaces increase continuously and so does the average age of the workforce.Indoor air pollution and low relative humidity (RH) have been proposed to explain the external DE symptoms; furthermore, a number of occupational and personal risk factors have been suggested to exacerbate the symptom reporting. 13 For instance, high ozone concentrations, especially in aircraft, have been proposed to initiate both gas (homogeneous) and surface (heterogeneous) reactions with reactive substances to produce a complex host of gas-and particle-phase products, for example formaldehyde. 14-16 The key question in search of causality for DE symptoms in office workers is how important indoor air pollution is in comparison with occupational, environmental, and personal risk factors. For instance, reported DE symptoms among young and middle-aged Japanese office workers were significantly higher among those with clinically diagnosed DED (12%) than in those with probable (54%) or undiagnosed DED (34%);

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“…Changes in the ocular surface environment associated with cigarette smoking include reductions in tear break-up time, changes in the tear film lipid layer, reductions in tear secretion, corneal and conjunctival sensitivity, and tear lysozyme concentration [14,75,76]. Recently, secondhand tobacco smoke exposure was associated with similar effects [77]. On the other hand, exposure to indoor airborne dust has shown inconsistent findings with regard to decreased tear break up time and dry eye symptoms [78,79], although it is possible that the constituents of the dust may be a factor [79].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Household Air Pollution a Risk Factor for Eye Disease?

West

Bates

Lee

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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In developing countries, household air pollution (HAP) resulting from the inefficient burning of coal and biomass (wood, charcoal, animal dung and crop residues) for cooking and heating has been linked to a number of negative health outcomes, mostly notably respiratory diseases and cancers. While ocular irritation has been associated with HAP, there are sparse data on adverse ocular outcomes that may result from acute and chronic exposures. We consider that there is suggestive evidence, and biological plausibility, to hypothesize that HAP is associated with some of the major blinding, and painful, eye conditions seen worldwide. Further research on this environmental risk factor for eye diseases is warranted.

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Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Soft Contact Lens Wear

Abstract: Even brief passive exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with adverse effects on the ocular surface as evidenced by an increase in tear instability and damage to the ocular surface epithelia in SCL wearers and non-CL wearers.

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Assessment of the Tear Evaporation Rate in Chronic Smokers Using Delfin VapoMeter

Assessment of the Tear Evaporation Rate in Chronic Smokers Using Delfin VapoMeter

External eye symptoms in indoor environments

Is Household Air Pollution a Risk Factor for Eye Disease?

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