Passive avoidance learning in the rat as functions of d-amphetamine dosage and shock intensity

Seliger, Deborah Levy

doi:10.1007/bf00426570

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is also notable that d-amphetamine, a potent DA releaser and psychomotor stimulant did not cause an impairment of the PA retention. This is consistent with most studies indicating that d-amphetamine either does not alter or rather enhances PA retention (Banfi et al 1982;Kovacs and de Wied 1978;Seliger 1975;Seliger 1977). Remoxipride (3-10 mol/kg) produced a decrease in general motor activity and a profound increase in training latencies without any effect on PA retention; whereas, raclopride affected neither PA training nor retention performance.…”

Section: Role Of Da In the Inhibitory Actions Of Pca In Pasupporting

confidence: 90%

Multiple 5-HT Receptors in Passive Avoidance Comparative Studies of p-Chloroamphetamine and 8-OH-DPAT

Misane

2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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KEY WORDS : Passive avoidance; 5-HT receptors; 8-OH-DPAT; p-chloroamphetamine (PCA); m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP); dopamineSerotonergic (5-HT) projections, arising from the midbrain raphe nuclei (Jacobs and Azmitia 1992; Vertes 1991) innervate limbic (amygdala and hippocampus) and cortical areas known to be involved in the cognition and processing of emotional events (Ambrogi Lorenzini et al. 1998;Gallagher and Chiba 1996;Heilman and Gilmore 1998;Lavond et al. 1993;Ledoux and Müller 1997;Pezzone et al. 1992).To investigate the role of the limbic and cortical 5-HT in behavior, different appproaches have been employed ranging from manipulations that result in multiple re- Received December 23, 1998; revised May 18, 1999; accepted July 13, 1999. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2000 -VOL . 22 , NO . 2 Multiple 5-HT Receptors in Passive Avoidance 169 ceptor stimulation to the selective activation of 5-HT receptor subtypes. The former approach is of particular importance, because 5-HT neurotransmission seems to operate largely via non-or extrasynaptic mode of communication, also known as volume transmission (Agnati et al. 1995;Bunin and Wightman 1998;Descarries et al. 1990;Descarries et al. 1975;Dewar et al. 1991;Jansson et al. 1998). Thus, released 5-HT can act at a distance at multiple 5-HT receptors far away from the synaptic cleft, whereas selective 5-HT agonists act on all receptors of a specific subtype.Earlier studies have shown that treatments that increase 5-HT activity in the brain, such as 5-HT-releasing compounds [p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), MDMA, and MMAI] (Marona- Lewicka et al. 1996;McNamara et al. 1995;Ögren 1985b;Romano and Harvey 1994;Santucci et al. 1996) as well as the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (Altman et al. 1984;Lalonde and Vikis-Freibergs 1985;Lucki and Nobler 1985;McElroy et al. 1982;Meneses and Hong 1995;Ögren 1985b) can both enhance and impair performance in aversive learning tasks. Pretraining administration of PCA has been found to produce a marked impairment of both one-and two-way active avoidance acquisition and retention in the rat (Ögren 1982).Although PCA also causes an acute release of dopamine (DA) (Crespi et al. 1997;Henderson et al. 1993;Johnson et al. 1990;Ögren 1985b;Sharp et al. 1986) as well noradrenaline (NA) (Ögren 1982; Ögren 1985a) in the rat brain, its behavioral effects are mediated primarily via serotonergic mechanisms (Adell et al. 1989;Geyer 1996;Hutson and Curzon 1989;Trulson and Jacobs 1976). In support of this, the one-way active avoidance deficit by PCA was completely blocked when the rats were pretreated with 5-HT reuptake inhibitors zimeldine and fluoxetine but not by the NA uptake inhibitor desipramine (Ögren 1982). Zimeldine also blocked the 5-HT release induced by PCA (Ögren et al. 1982). Several nonselective 5-HT 2 antagonists, which, by themselves, did not impair avoidance learning, also produced a dose-dependent blockade of the PCAinduced deficit (Ögren 1986b). This finding suggested that the impairment of active avoidance acquisit...

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Section: Role Of Da In the Inhibitory Actions Of Pca In Pasupporting

confidence: 90%

Multiple 5-HT Receptors in Passive Avoidance Comparative Studies of p-Chloroamphetamine and 8-OH-DPAT

Misane

2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…The latency to enter the dark compartment was recorded and defined as the ‘approach latency’. After the door was closed, an inescapable foot shock (0.56 mA for 1 s; Seliger, 1977; Gschanes et al. , 1998) was delivered through metal rods of the floor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latency to enter the dark compartment was recorded and defined as the 'approach latency'. After the door was closed, an inescapable foot shock (0.56 mA for 1 s; Seliger, 1977;Gschanes et al, 1998) was delivered through metal rods of the floor. Twenty-four hours later, in the retention trial, the rat was again placed in the light compartment, and the guillotine door was opened.…”

Section: Contextual Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐ and postnatal exposure to kynurenine causes cognitive deficits in adulthood

Pocivavsek

Elmer

et al. 2012

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous product of tryptophan degradation, are elevated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). This increase has been implicated in the cognitive dysfunctions seen in the disease since KYNA is an antagonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the NMDA receptor, both of which are critically involved in cognitive processes and in a defining neurodevelopmental period in the pathophysiology of SZ. We tested the hypothesis that early developmental increases in brain KYNA synthesis might cause biochemical and functional impairments in adulthood. To this end, we stimulated KYNA formation by adding the KYNA precursor kynurenine (100 mg/day) to the chow fed to rat dams from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 21 (PD 21). This treatment raised brain KYNA levels in the offspring by 341% on PD 2 and 210% on PD 21. Rats were then fed normal chow until adulthood (PD 56-PD 80). In the adult animals, basal levels of extracellular KYNA, measured in the hippocampus by in vivo microdialysis, were elevated (+12%), whereas extracellular glutamate levels were significantly reduced (−13%). In separate adult animals, early kynurenine treatment was shown to impair performance in two behavioral tasks linked to hippocampal function, the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. Collectively, these studies introduce a novel, naturalistic rat model of SZ and also suggest that increases in brain KYNA during a vulnerable period in brain development may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of the disease.

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Mechanisms Involved in Memory Processes: Alterations Induced by Psychostimulants—Targeting the Central AT1 Receptors

Marchese

Basmadjian

Occhieppo

et al. 2017

Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update - Vol. II

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Passive avoidance learning in the rat as functions of d-amphetamine dosage and shock intensity

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Multiple 5-HT Receptors in Passive Avoidance Comparative Studies of p-Chloroamphetamine and 8-OH-DPAT

Multiple 5-HT Receptors in Passive Avoidance Comparative Studies of p-Chloroamphetamine and 8-OH-DPAT

Pre‐ and postnatal exposure to kynurenine causes cognitive deficits in adulthood

Mechanisms Involved in Memory Processes: Alterations Induced by Psychostimulants—Targeting the Central AT1 Receptors

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