Passive avoidance and amygdala lesions: Relationship with pituitary-adrenal system

Russo, Nicholas; Kapp, Bruce S.; Holmquist, Bruce K.; Musty, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(76)90304-8

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala also decreased the degree to which rats jumped and flinched during shock presentation. Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala have been reported to decrease shock sensitivity in some studies (Coover, Ursin, & Levine, 1973), but not in others (Eichelman, 1971;Russo, Kapp, Holmquist, & Musty, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.

Hitchcock¹,

Sananes²,

Davis³

1989

Behavioral Neuroscience

172

107

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Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the central, but not the lateral, nucleus of the amgydala blocked shock sensitization of startle (the increase in startle produced by presentation of ten 0.6-mA footshocks in rapid succession). Lesions of the central nucleus also decreased reactivity to shock (jumping and flinching) during shock presentation. However, this decrease in reactivity cannot account for the blockade of shock sensitization, because when a higher shock intensity (1.0 mA) was used, producing equivalent reactivity to that of controls at 0.6 mA, central nucleus lesions still blocked shock sensitization. Moreover, lesions of the caudal part of the ventral amygdalofugal pathway, which carries central nucleus efferents to the startle reflex pathway, also blocked shock sensitization. It is hypothesized that shock activates the central nucleus of the amygdala, which increases startle through modulation of the startle pathway. Activation of the amygdala by shock may be the unconditioned response relevant for fear conditioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.

Hitchcock¹,

Sananes²,

Davis³

1989

Behavioral Neuroscience

172

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to active avoidance learning, several studies have indicated a critical role for the amygdala in the acquisition and retention of this form of learning. Large, bilateral amygdala lesions impair the acquisition of a variety of passive avoidance responses in rats (McNew and Thompson, 1966;McIntyre and Stein, 1973;Bresnahan et al, 1976;Nagel and Kemble, 1976;Russo et al, 1976;Liang et al, 1982;Jellestad and Bakke, 1985), mice (Slotnick, 1973), and cats (Horvath, 1963;Ursin, 1965). Smaller electrolytic lesions centered on the basolateral nucleus (Coover et al, 1973;Grossman et al, 1975;Werka et al, 1978) or central nucleus (Grossman et al, 1975;Werka et al, 1978) of the amygdala reproduce these passive avoidance deficits.…”

Section: Passive Avoidance Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Learning: Animals ☆

Maren

2017

Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference

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“…49,50 Thus, performance on tests of PA learning decreases as a result of defects in either contextual or emotional memory. Generally, the dorsal hippocampus is specifically involved in memory function, and the ventral hippocampus modulates emotional and affective processes.…”

Section: Fig 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Predictive Value of Multiple Cognitive, Affective, and Motor Tasks after Rodent Traumatic Brain Injury

Zhao

Loane

Murray

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurotrauma

140

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Controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) is a widely-used, clinically-relevant model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although functional outcomes have been used for years in this model, little work has been done to compare the predictive value of various cognitive and sensorimotor assessment tests, singly or in combination. Such information would be particularly useful for assessing mechanisms of injury or therapeutic interventions. Following isoflurane anesthesia, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham, mild (5.0 m/sec), moderate (6.0 m/sec), or severe (7.5 m/sec) CCI. A battery of behavioral tests were evaluated and compared, including the standard Morris water maze (sMWM), reversal Morris water maze (rMWM), novel object recognition (NOR), passive avoidance (PA), tail-suspension (TS), beam walk (BW), and open-field locomotor activity. The BW task, performed at post-injury days (PID) 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28, showed good discrimination as a function of injury severity. The sMWM and rMWM tests (PID 14-23), as well as NOR (PID 24 and 25), effectively discriminated spatial and novel object learning and memory across injury severity levels. Notably, the rMWM showed the greatest separation between mild and moderate/severe injury. PA (PID 27 and 28) and TS (PID 24) also reflected differences across injury levels, but to a lesser degree. We also compared individual functional measures with histological outcomes such as lesion volume and neuronal cell loss across anatomical regions. In addition, we created a novel composite behavioral score index from individual complementary behavioral scores, and it provided superior discrimination across injury severities compared to individual tests. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using a larger number of complementary functional outcome behavioral tests than those traditionally employed to follow post-traumatic recovery after TBI, and suggests that the composite score may be a helpful tool for screening new neuroprotective agents or for addressing injury mechanisms.

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Passive avoidance and amygdala lesions: Relationship with pituitary-adrenal system

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.

Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: Blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem.

Emotional Learning: Animals ☆

Comparing the Predictive Value of Multiple Cognitive, Affective, and Motor Tasks after Rodent Traumatic Brain Injury

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