Passive and active control of NOx in industrial burners

Delabroy, Olivier; Haile, Edward; Lacas, F.; Candel, Sébastien; Pollard, A.; Sobiesiak, Andrzej; Becker, H. A.

doi:10.1016/s0894-1777(97)10013-9

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These reactions determine the rate of thermal NO X which becomes significantly faster at high temperatures. NO can be minimised by reducing the concentration of [O], [N 2 ] and by reducing the temperature [15], however, reducing the flame temperature reduces the efficiency of the plant.…”

Section: B Gas Fired Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Generation, Power System Operation, and Emissions Reduction

Denny

O’Malley

2006

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

220

121

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Abstract-With increasing concern over global climate change, policy makers are promoting renewable energy sources, predominantly wind generation, as a means of meeting emissions reduction targets. Although wind generation does not itself produce any harmful emissions, its effect on power system operation can actually cause an increase in the emissions of conventional plants. A dispatch model was developed which analyses the impact that wind generation has on the operation of conventional plants and the resulting emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX). The analysis concentrates on a 'forecasted' approach which incorporates wind generation forecasts in the dispatch decisions. It was found that wind generation could be used as a tool for reducing CO2 emissions but alone it was not effective in curbing SO2 and NOX emissions.

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Section: B Gas Fired Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Generation, Power System Operation, and Emissions Reduction

Denny

O’Malley

2006

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

220

121

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“…The valve is mounted immediately upstream of the injector, minimizing the liquid volume between the actuator exit and the nozzle. A 2 l reservoir pressurized under 9 bar of N 2 supplies the injector with Diesel fuel (average composition C 16 H 30 , density r ¼ 875 kg=m 3 ). A refractive index of n ¼ 1:45 is chosen from values given in the literature [8].…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been used to stabilize lifted flames [2] through controlling mixing and entrainment in coherent vortical structures. It has also been shown that active control can provide practical solutions to pollution problems [3] and to high destruction rate incineration [4]. Most of these advances have been obtained in gaseous-fuel laboratory models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Liquid Fuel Injector under Continuous and Modulated Flow Conditions

Haile

Lacas

Desrayaud

et al. 1998

Part. Part. Syst. Charact.

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The purpose of this work was to characterize the spray delivered by a modulated liquid fuel injector designed for active combustion control applications. A novel actuator is used to create a timevarying liquid fuel flow rate upstream of a commercially available injector. In order to be useful in existing burners, the actuator must not degrade the spray, by changing either the size or velocity distributions of the droplets produced by the injector. The amplitude of the induced modulations in flow rate must be strong enough to induce the required periodicity in heat release rate. This paper reports the results obtained from particle imaging velocimetry and phase Doppler anemometry used to characterize the spray, plus hot-film anemometry and pressure transducer measurements used to characterize the response of the fuel line to the induced flow rate fluctuations and to measure the excitation amplitude. It is found that the actuator response time is sufficiently rapid to modulate the liquid flow rate without changing the spray characteristics. Strong modulation of the flow rate is possible at low forcing frequencies, but the time-averaged flow rate is reduced. At higher forcing frequencies, the actuator response time cuts off, leading to a smaller amplitude flow rate modulation, and a relatively unchanged time-averaged fuel flow rate. For these reasons, this actuator is well suited to the control applications envisaged.

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“…These findings led to the basic idea that artificial interference on the evolution process of vortices enhances or attenuates the essential flow characteristics. Such interference or control, as noted by Fiedler and Fernholz [6], can be classified into either active control [7][8][9][10][11][12] or passive control [13,14]. Apart from the classical circular nozzle [15], utilization of non-circular nozzle [16][17][18][19][20] such as rectangular nozzle is one of the simplest and most efficient ways of passive control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%