Passive and active battery balancing comparison based on MATLAB simulation

A Modular Cell Balancer Based on Multi-Winding Transformer and Switched-Capacitor Circuits for a Series-Connected Battery String in Electric Vehicles

“…Particularly, this imbalance can lead to fire and/or explosion in the worst case [7]. Thus, the series-connected battery string in EVs needs to be balanced with the voltage [8]. In practice, internal and external sources are known as two main reasons that cause the unbalance of the battery cells [8,9].…”

“…Thus, the series-connected battery string in EVs needs to be balanced with the voltage [8]. In practice, internal and external sources are known as two main reasons that cause the unbalance of the battery cells [8,9]. For internal sources, the deviation in production results in variations of storage capacity value, total internal impedance, and rated self-discharge.…”

“…For internal sources, the deviation in production results in variations of storage capacity value, total internal impedance, and rated self-discharge. In the case of the external sources, multi-rank rack protection Integrated circuits (ICs) primarily lead the unequal charge from the various series ranks in the pack [8].…”

“…Recently, the cell balancing methods have been introduced [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and reviewed [7,8,[21][22][23], as represented in Figure 1. There are two main ways to equalize a battery cell, which are passive and active methods [8,22].…”

“…There are two main ways to equalize a battery cell, which are passive and active methods [8,22]. Resistors are used in the passive cell balancing methods, which are connected The balancing method based on a multi-winding transformer (MWT) [18][19][20]24,25] has advantages such as fast balancing speed, simple control technique, and repudiation of voltage sensors.…”