Passive air sampling theory for semivolatile organic compounds

Bartkow, M. E.; Booij, Kees; Kennedy, Karen; Müller, Jochen F.; Hawker, Darryl William

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.033

Cited by 170 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…of Canada, 2012;Tian et al, 2011;Wheatley and Wheatley, 2000). This also extends to include Hg exposure (both MeHg in food and GEM in air) in communities in close proximity to small-scale artisanal gold mining activities (Barbosa et al, 2003;Sousa and Veiga, 2009).…”

Section: S Mclagan Et Al: Passive Air Sampling Of Gaseous Elemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Because gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) is distributed globally through the atmosphere, reliable means of measuring its concentrations in air are important. Passive air samplers (PASs), designed to be cheap, simple to operate, and to work without electricity, could provide an alternative to established active sampling techniques in applications such as (1) long-term monitoring of atmospheric GEM levels in remote regions and in developing countries, (2) atmospheric mercury source identification and characterization through finely resolved spatial mapping, and (3) the recording of personal exposure to GEM. An effective GEM PAS requires a tightly constrained sampling rate, a large and stable uptake capacity, and a sensitive analytical technique. None of the GEM PASs developed to date achieve levels of accuracy and precision sufficient for the reliable determination of background concentrations over extended deployments. This is due to (1) sampling rates that vary due to meteorological factors and manufacturing inconsistencies, and/or (2) an often low, irreproducible and/or unstable uptake capacity of the employed sorbents. While we identify shortcomings of existing GEM PAS, we also reveal potential routes to overcome those difficulties. Activated carbon and nanostructured metal surfaces hold promise as effective sorbents. Sampler designs incorporating diffusive barriers should be able to notably reduce the influence of wind on sampling rates.

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Section: S Mclagan Et Al: Passive Air Sampling Of Gaseous Elemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, the uptake profile could also be influenced by the chamber housing design as well as meteorological factors including temperature and wind speed [17,22,28,29].…”

Section: Theory Of Pasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two passive samplers for the analysis of organophosphate esters in the ambient air

Liu

Lin

Liu

et al. 2016

Talanta

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a b s t r a c tBoth polyurethane foam (PUF) and sorbent-impregnated PUF (SIP) passive air sampling (PAS) methods were deployed and compared separately for the analysis of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in outdoor atmospheric environment. During an continuous period of 84 days, parallel samples were also collected by a high-volume active air sampler (HV-AAS) to assess the contamination levels and to calibrate uptake parameters of PAS. The total concentration of OPEs in both particulate and gaseous phases ranged from 1.50 to 5.64 ng m À 3 in ambient air. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the dominating analog, representing 78 79% of total OPE concentration. SIP-PAS showed longer linear-phase sampling period for TCPP, and accumulated more amount of the most volatile triethyl phosphate (TEP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) homologues, while similar sorption performances of both PAS methods were found for most of the semi-volatile OPEs. Linear sampling rates in PUF-PAS and SIP-PAS disks were calculated for individual OPEs except for TEP and TBP, and the average uptake rates (3.37 1.1 and 3.57 1.7 m 3 d À 1 , respectively) were close to the acknowledged value (4 m À 3 d À 1) for persistent organic pollutants. Besides, isotopic labeled D 15 -Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) could be used as a viable depuration compound to calculate site-specific sampling rates of OPEs, with a linear loss of up to ∼60% at the end of deployment time.

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“…Wind decreases the thickness of the ASBL, which in turn increases the SR (Bartkow et al, 2005;Moeckel et al, 2009;Pennequin-Cardinal et al, 2005). Diffusive barriers aim to reduce the influence of wind by D. S. McLagan et al: Variability of sampling rate of passive air sampler for Hg standardizing the molecular diffusion distance to the sorbent and thereby ensuring that the diffusive component of contaminant transfer is the rate limiting step (Huang et al, 2014;Lozano et al, 2009;McLagan et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Passive air sampling of gaseous mercury (Hg) requires a high level of accuracy to discriminate small differences in atmospheric concentrations. Meteorological parameters have the potential to decrease this accuracy by impacting the sampling rate (SR), i.e., the volume of air that is effectively stripped of gaseous mercury per unit of time. We measured the SR of a recently calibrated passive air sampler for gaseous Hg in the laboratory under varying wind speeds (wind still to 6 m s −1 ), temperatures (−15 to +35 • C), and relative humidities (44 to 80 %). While relative humidity has no impact on SR, SR increases slightly with both wind speed (0.003 m 3 day −1 increase in SR or 2.5 % of the previously calibrated SR for every m s −1 increase for wind speeds > 1 m s −1 , typical of outdoor deployments) and temperature (0.001 m 3 day −1 increase in SR or 0.7 % for every 1 • C increase). The temperature dependence can be fully explained by the effect of temperature on the molecular diffusivity of gaseous mercury in air. Although these effects are relatively small, accuracy can be improved by adjusting SRs using measured or estimated temperature and wind speed data at or near sampling sites. We also assessed the possibility of reusing Radiello ® diffusive barriers previously used in the passive air samplers. The mean rate of gaseous Hg uptake was not significantly different between new and previously used diffusive barriers in both lab and outdoor deployments, irrespective of the applied cleaning procedure. No memory effect from Radiellos ® previously deployed in a high Hg atmosphere was observed. However, a loss in replicate precision for the dirtiest Radiellos ® in the indoor experiment suggests that cleaning is advisable prior to reuse.

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Passive air sampling theory for semivolatile organic compounds

Cited by 170 publications

References 18 publications

Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review

Passive air sampling of gaseous elemental mercury: a critical review

Evaluation of two passive samplers for the analysis of organophosphate esters in the ambient air

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

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