Passionate Kissing and Microlesions of the Oral Mucosa: Possible Role in AIDS Transmission

Piazza, Marcello; Chirianni, Antonio; Picciotto, L; Guadagnino, Vincenzo; Orlando, Raffaele; Cataldo, Pietro

doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420020096022

Cited by 44 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Piazza et al (1989Piazza et al ( , 1994 showed that blood was present in the saliva of 50% of healthy subjects without visible lesions of the oral mucosa and in the saliva of 65.7% of HIV-1-seropositive subjects. There was no significant correlation between the detection of blood and cell-associated HIV-1 in GCF samples from the HIV-1seropositive patients examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proviral HIV-1 DNA in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of HIV-1-infected Patients in Various Stages of HIV Disease

et al. 2000

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The oral cavity is rarely reported to be a site of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, despite detectable virus in saliva and relatively frequent prevalence of periodontal disease in HIV-infected persons yielding increased excretion of mononuclear-cell-enriched gingival fluid. To search for possible sources of HIV in saliva, and using the polymerase chain-reaction technique, we sought the presence and shedding patterns of proviral HIV-1 DNA in gingival crevicular fluid in a group of patients previously determined as HIV-1-seropositive. Periodontal status at the collection sites was monitored by several clinical parameters, including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected by means of paper points. Proviral HIV-1 DNA was detected in the gingival fluid of 17 out of 35 HIV-1-infected patients. Its detection correlated significantly with higher plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (p = 0.03) and not with peripheral blood CD4+ cell count, the presence of blood in gingival fluid, or oral lesions. There was a significant correlation between clinical attachment loss at the sites of fluid collection and plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (p = 0.002), and borderline correlation between the latter and probing depth (p = 0.54) in the group of patients harboring proviral HIV-1 DNA in gingival crevicular fluid. The results of our study suggest that mononuclear cells present in gingival crevicular fluid and harboring proviral HIV-1 DNA could represent a potential source of HIV-1 in the presence or absence of local bleeding, especially in persons with advanced HIV infection and increased loss of clinical attachment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proviral HIV-1 DNA in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of HIV-1-infected Patients in Various Stages of HIV Disease

et al. 2000

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“…106 Transmission of HCV in CPR using CPR mannequins has not been reported even when exposed to HCV-contaminated saliva. 107 Saliva may therefore be a source of occasional transmission of HCV, 108 particularly where there is deep kissing and there are oral mucosal lesions 109 though epidemiological studies suggest that the infective capacity of HCV in saliva is only low. 110…”

Section: Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…190 Blood is visible in saliva or vomit in some resuscitations and this with oral microlesions in 50% of healthy rescuers, makes blood-to-blood contact possible. 109 Nevertheless, even after exposure of healthcare workers to bloodcontaminated saliva or blood through accidental needle stick injuries, the risk of infection has been consistently less than 1% and transmission in normal dental practice is improbable. 191…”

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (Hiv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Diseases Transmissible by Kissing

Limeres

Dios

Scully

2017

Saliva Protection and Transmissible Diseases

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“…Such concerns are justified, in part, from the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection and the resulting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The transmission of HIV from an AIDS patient to a health care worker by accidental needlesticks, wounds with sharp instruments, and contamination of mucous membranes or broken skin with contaminated blood from a HIV-infected patient has been well documented (Weiss et al , 1985;Tulis, 1987;Piaazza et al , 1989;Bailey, 1990;Heald and Ransohoff, 1990;Vaughn et al , 1990;Klatt and Noguchi, 1990;Beekmann et al, 1990;Speller et al , 1990;Beck and Martin, 1990;Rhame, 1992). The volume of blood and number of cells transferred by a needlestick with a needle contaminated with HIV-positive blood were quantitated by Shirazian et al (1992).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%