PassengerFlows: A Correlation-Based Passenger Estimator in Automated Public Transport

Wu, Fang–Jing; Huang, Yunfeng; Doring, Lucas; Althoff, Stephanie; Bitterschulte, Kai; Chai, Keng Yip; Mao, Lidong; Grabarczyk, Damian; Kovács, Ernö

doi:10.1109/tnse.2020.2998536

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recent research has continued to use these identified weaknesses to make broad claims regarding the ineffectiveness of MAC address randomization [12,28,31]. However, [21] also made recommendations that could be implemented by manufacturers and standards bodies to realize the potential privacy assurances of MAC randomization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Years Later: A Study of MAC Address Randomization In Mobile Devices And When It Succeeds

Fenske¹,

Brown²,

Martin

et al. 2021

Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mobile device manufacturers and operating system developers increasingly deploy MAC address randomization to protect user privacy and prevent adversaries from tracking persistent hardware identifiers. Early MAC address randomization implementations suffered from logic bugs and information leakages that defeated the privacy benefits realized by using temporary, random addresses, allowing devices and users to be tracked in the wild. Recent work either assumes these implementation flaws continue to exist in modern MAC address randomization implementations, or considers only dated software or small numbers of devices. In this work, we revisit MAC address randomization by performing a cross-sectional study of 160 models of mobile phones, including modern devices released subsequent to previous studies. We tested each of these phones in a lab setting to determine whether it uses randomization, under what conditions it randomizes its MAC address, and whether it mitigates known tracking vulnerabilities. Our results show that, although very new phones with updated operating systems generally provide a high degree of privacy to their users, there are still many phones in wide use today that do not effectively prevent tracking.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Years Later: A Study of MAC Address Randomization In Mobile Devices And When It Succeeds

Fenske¹,

Brown²,

Martin

et al. 2021

Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It uses a self-supervised estimator to determine frame correlation, considering multiple modalities such as information elements, sequence number, and received signal strength. Correlation of the multi-dimensional statistical properties of the captured Probe Requests split by brands has been used in [81] to study the mobility patterns.…”

Section: Passive Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tutorial on Privacy, RCM and Its Implications in WLAN

Ficara,

Garroppo,

Henry

2024

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The proliferation of Wi-Fi devices has led to the rise of privacy concerns related to MAC Address-based systems used for people tracking and localization across various applications, such as smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, and marketing. These systems have highlighted the necessity for mobile device manufacturers to implement Randomized And Changing MAC address (RCM) techniques as a countermeasure for device identification. In response to the challenges posed by diverse RCM implementations, the IEEE has taken steps to standardize RCM operations through the 802.11aq Task Group (TG). However, while RCM implementation addresses some concerns, it can disrupt services that span both Layer 2 and upper-layers, which were originally designed assuming static MAC addresses. To address these challenges, the IEEE has established the 802.11bh TG, focusing on defining new device identification methods, particularly for Layer 2 services that require pre-association identification. Simultaneously, the IETF launched the MAC Address Device Identification for Network and Application Services (MADINAS) Working Group to investigate the repercussions of RCM on upper-layer services, including the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).Concurrently, derandomization techniques have emerged to counteract RCM defense mechanisms. The exploration of these techniques has suggested the need for a broader privacy enhancement framework for WLANs that goes beyond simple MAC address randomization. These findings have prompted the inception of the 802.11bi TG, which aims to compile an exhaustive list of potential privacy vulnerabilities and prerequisites for a more private IEEE 802.11 standard.In this context, this tutorial aims to provide insights into the motivations behind RCM, its implementation, and its evolution over the years. It elucidates the influence of RCM on network processes and services. Furthermore, the tutorial delves into the recent progress made within the domains of 802.11bh, 802.11bi, and MADINAS. It offers a thorough analysis of the initial work undertaken by these groups, along with an overview of the relevant research challenges. The tutorial objective is to inspire the research community to explore innovative approaches and solutions that contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance WLAN privacy through standardization initiatives.

show abstract

Digital twin-supported smart city: Status, challenges and future research directions

Wang

Chen

Jia

et al. 2023

Expert Systems with Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PassengerFlows: A Correlation-Based Passenger Estimator in Automated Public Transport

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Three Years Later: A Study of MAC Address Randomization In Mobile Devices And When It Succeeds

Three Years Later: A Study of MAC Address Randomization In Mobile Devices And When It Succeeds

A Tutorial on Privacy, RCM and Its Implications in WLAN

Digital twin-supported smart city: Status, challenges and future research directions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About