Passage of drugs across the placenta

Moya, Frank; Thorndike, Virginia

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(62)90016-9

Cited by 165 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most of the substances in maternal blood could thus have an access to the umbilical circulation (Moya & Thorndyke, 1962), though precise quantitative information on the kinetics of this process is not available. Umbilical circulation, which constitutes the single most important determinant of systemic vascular resistance within the foetal circulation (Dawes, 1962) is thus vulnerable to potent vasoactive agents, including powerful biogenic substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Some Drugs on Human Umbilical Artery in Vitro

Gokhale

Gulati

Kelkar

et al. 1966

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Investigation of the actions of drugs on vascular smooth muscle is frequently complicated by indirect actions mediated through neural elements. However, valuable information on the direct actions of drugs on vascular smooth muscle can often be obtained from experiments on nerve-free preparations. Perfused placental vessels (von Euler, 1938;Panigel, 1962), spirally cut umbilical arterial and venous strips (Somlyo, Woo & Somlyo, 1965), chick amniotic membrane (Ferguson, 1940;Cuthbert, 1963), and rabbit ear vessels before innervation (Clark & Clark, 1943) have been employed in the past for this purpose. A nerve-free vascular smooth muscle preparation, responding uniformly to various autonomic transmitters could also be used to elucidate the nature of their storage and release.In the present study the isolated perfused human umbilical artery was used to study the direct action of drugs on the vascular smooth muscle. It was observed that with the method employed many vasoactive agents gave fairly uniform responses. Modification of these responses by other drugs could, therefore, be studied. The preparation exhibited spontaneous tone and could give a dilator response to drugs, without the previous addition of a spasmogenic agent. METHODSUmbilical cords were obtained from the Maternity Ward of Shree Sayaji General Hospital, Baroda, as soon after delivery as possible. After identifying the foetal and the placental ends, every cord was firmly tied at both ends and kept in a flask containing perfusion fluid of the following composition (g/l.): sodium chloride, 9.00; potassium chloride, 0.42; calcium chloride, 0.24, sodium bicarbonate, 0.2 and dextrose, 1.0. Tying ensured that any blood in the lumen of the vessels remained in a fluid state and could subsequently be washed out easily. In earlier experiments when the cords were not tied, many of them could not be used because of the intravascular clotting. The cords remained viable for about 5 hr after delivery. Experiments were, therefore, started soon after the collection of the cords.Before cannulation the cords were placed in fresh perfusion fluid at 34' C for 10 min. This considerably reduced the spasm of the vessels and thus facilitated cannulation. A piece of cord about 5 in. long was selected (excluding any portion with injury and pseudoknots), and this was cut at both ends with a sharp pair of scissors. One of the umbilical arteries was cannulated at the

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Some Drugs on Human Umbilical Artery in Vitro

Gokhale

Gulati

Kelkar

et al. 1966

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If these quantities of hista mine were suddenly released into the fetal circulation, constriction of the umbilical vasculature would undoubtedly occur. Morphine and meperi dine, 2 analgesics often used in obstetrics, have been reported to release histamine in man [16] and are known to cross the placental barrier and enter the fetal circulation [14]. Should these drugs release histamine into the fetal circulation, the resulting decreased umbilical-placental blood flow may exacerbate the central nervous system depression produced by these narcotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions of Histamine on Human, Sheep and Monkey Umbilical Vasculature

Dyer¹,

Gant²,

Park³

1972

Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comparative studies on the actions of serotonin and histamine were carried out on umbilical arteries and veins from humans and sheep and on monkey umbilical veins. All vein preparations and human umbilical arteries were more sensitive to serotonin than to histamine. Tripelen-namine specifically antagonized responses to histamine. Only on monkey umbilical vein strips did histamine produce a greater than serotonin-evoked maximal contraction. These studies suggest that the vasoconstrictor action of histamine has the potential of influencing the umbilical vasculature in vivo.

show abstract

“…Data from clinical observations of many hundreds of de liveries indicate little, if any of this highly charged drug is transferred to the fetal circulation [6]. Other reports attribute the birth of depressed infants to succinylcholine [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of Chorion laeve to Succinylcholine <i>in vitro</i>

Eichhorst¹,

Seeds²

1976

Gynecol Obstet Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The simultaneous diffusion of ¹⁴C-succinylcholine and p-amino hippo rate across human placental tissue in vitro was measured. Column chromatographic purification of the radioactivity followed by paper chromatographic analysis showed little alteration of the succinylcholine during the course of these experiments. Similar chloroform-buffer partition coefficients for the two solutes were measured. Thus in these experiments, the nearly identical transfer rates of these two similar sized, lipid-insoluble compounds indicated that succinylcholine crosses human placental tissue in quantities compatible with its molecular size and lipophobic nature, and that the diffusion rate is not significantly influenced by its increased molecular charge.

show abstract

Passage of drugs across the placenta

Cited by 165 publications

References 99 publications

Effect of Some Drugs on Human Umbilical Artery in Vitro

Effect of Some Drugs on Human Umbilical Artery in Vitro

Actions of Histamine on Human, Sheep and Monkey Umbilical Vasculature

Permeability of Chorion laeve to Succinylcholine <i>in vitro</i>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About