Passage of Cephalosporins and Amoxicillin Into the Breast Milk

Kafetzis, Dimitris A.; Siafas, Constantinos A.; Georgakopoulos, Panagiotis; Papadatos, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb16553.x

Cited by 72 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although cephalosporins, penicillins, and ACE-inhibitors such as captopril have been detected in breast milk after oral administration to lactating mothers (24), their concentrations in milk are comparatively low. Regardless of the route of transport of this drug across the gland into milk, the presence of PEPT2 in the epithelial cells would provide an efficient pathway for reabsorption of the peptidomimetics back into the gland tissue to reduce the burden of the milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide transport in the mammary gland: expression and distribution of PEPT2 mRNA and protein

Groneberg

Döring

Theis

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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The lactating mammary gland utilizes free plasma amino acids as well as those derived by hydrolysis from circulating short-chain peptides for protein synthesis. Apart from the major route of amino acid nitrogen delivery to the gland by the various transporters for free amino acids, it has been suggested that dipeptides may also be taken up in intact form to serve as a source of amino acids. The identification of peptide transporters in the mammary gland may therefore provide new insights into protein metabolism and secretion by the gland. The expression and distribution of the high-affinity type proton-coupled peptide transporter PEPT2 were investigated in rat lactating mammary gland as well as in human epithelial cells derived from breast milk. By use of RT-PCR, PEPT2 mRNA was detected in rat mammary gland extracts and human milk epithelial cells. The expression pattern of PEPT2 mRNA revealed a localization in epithelial cells of ducts and glands by nonisotopic high resolution in situ hybridization. In addition, immunohistochemistry was carried out and showed transporter immunoreactivity in the same epithelial cells of the glands and ducts. In addition, two-electrode voltage clamp recordings using PEPT2-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrated positive inward currents induced by selected dipeptides that may play a role in aminonitrogen handling in mammalian mammary gland. Taken together, these data suggest that PEPT2 is expressed in mammary gland epithelia, in which it may contribute to the reuptake of short-chain peptides derived from hydrolysis of milk proteins secreted into the lumen. Whereas PEPT2 also transports a variety of drugs, such as selected β-lactams, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antiviral and anticancer metabolites, their efficient reabsorption via PEPT2 may reduce the burden of xenobiotics in milk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide transport in the mammary gland: expression and distribution of PEPT2 mRNA and protein

Groneberg

Döring

Theis

et al. 2002

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…Thus, the infant mice were born to a mother with an altered intestinal microbiota. Although the infants may experience limited exposure to antibiotics during nursing, the levels transferred into milk are quite low and subtherapeutic (30)(31)(32). There were no appreciable differences in the size of litters or weights of infant mice between MAT and CTRL groups, nor did any adult mice treated with antibiotics exhibit signs of dehydration or weight loss.…”

Section: Mat Causes Reproducible Shifts In the Intestinal Microbiota mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Antibiotic Treatment Impacts Development of the Neonatal Intestinal Microbiome and Antiviral Immunity

González‐Pérez

Hicks

Tekieli

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

131

112

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Microbial colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) begins at birth, is shaped by the maternal microbiota, and is profoundly altered by antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment of mothers during pregnancy influences colonization of the GIT microbiota of their infants. The role of the GIT microbiota in regulating adaptive immune function against systemic viral infections during infancy remains undefined. We used a mouse model of perinatal antibiotic exposure to examine the effect of GIT microbial dysbiosis on infant CD8+ T cell–mediated antiviral immunity. Maternal antibiotic treatment/treated (MAT) during pregnancy and lactation resulted in profound alterations in the composition of the GIT microbiota in mothers and infants. Streptococcus spp. dominated the GIT microbiota of MAT mothers, whereas Enterococcus faecalis predominated within the MAT infant GIT. MAT infant mice subsequently exhibited increased and accelerated mortality following vaccinia virus infection. Ag-specific IFN-γ–producing CD8+ T cells were reduced in sublethally infected MAT infant mice. MAT CD8+ T cells from uninfected infant mice also demonstrated a reduced capacity to sustain IFN-γ production following in vitro activation. We additionally determined that control infant mice became more susceptible to infection if they were born in an animal facility using stricter standards of hygiene. These data indicate that undisturbed colonization and progression of the GIT microbiota during infancy are necessary to promote robust adaptive antiviral immune responses.

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“…Following administration of cephalothin by intravenous route Bergan (1987) and Kafetzis et al (1981) found C max in milk at 1 and 2 hours, respectively. In our work C max is achived between the first and the second hour postadministration of the drug.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between milk production and kinetic variables in milk of cephalothin administered to lactating goats

Rule¹,

Cordiviola²,

Vita³

et al. 2004

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The aim of the present study was to correlate the milk production and the kinetic variables in milk of cephalothin administered to goats. Twenty healthy creole goats in milk production were used. Cephalothin was administered by intravenous route (20 mg/kg b.w.). Milk samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 12.0 hours postadministration of the antibiotic. Cephalothin concentrations were measured in milk samples by high performance liquid chromatography. The values (mean ± standard error) of milk production collected during 24 hours previous to the administration of the antibiotic were 761.5 ± 111.1 ml. The results of the kinetic variables (mean ± standard error) of cephalothin in milk were: AUC = 5.4 ± 1.6 µg/ml/h; C max = 1.1 ± 0.3 µg/ml and t max = 1.7 ± 0.1 h. The correlation coefficients AUC-milk production, C max -milk production and t max -milk production were: 0.602 (P < 0.01), 0.596 (P < 0.01) and 0.398 (P < 0.1), respectively. In conclusion, the areas under the curve and the maximum concentrations and the time to reach them in milk are in fact related to the volume of milk produced by the goats.

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Passage of Cephalosporins and Amoxicillin Into the Breast Milk

Cited by 72 publications

References 4 publications

Peptide transport in the mammary gland: expression and distribution of PEPT2 mRNA and protein

Peptide transport in the mammary gland: expression and distribution of PEPT2 mRNA and protein

Maternal Antibiotic Treatment Impacts Development of the Neonatal Intestinal Microbiome and Antiviral Immunity

Correlations between milk production and kinetic variables in milk of cephalothin administered to lactating goats

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