Paschen's law studies in cold gases

Massarczyk, R.; Chu, Pinghan; Dugger, C.; Elliott, S. R.; Rielage, K.; Xu, W.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/06/p06019

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Based on simple density scaling of gas phase data, xenon is predicted to have a large bulk breakdown field of approximately 1 MV/cm [9,10] in liquid. However, LXe has been empirically observed to break down at fields much lower than this (hundreds of kV/cm [7,11]).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of dielectric breakdown in liquid xenon with the XeBrA experiment

Watson¹,

Olcina²,

Soria³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Maintaining the electric fields necessary for the current generation of noble liquid time projection chambers (TPCs), with drift lengths exceeding one meter, requires a large negative voltage applied to their cathodes. Delivering such high voltage is associated with an elevated risk of electrostatic discharge and electroluminescence, which would be detrimental to the performance of the TPC. The Xenon Breakdown Apparatus (XeBrA) is a five-liter high-voltage test chamber built to investigate the factors contributing to high voltage breakdown in noble liquids. In this work, we present data collected during 2020-21 and compare them to previous data gathered in 2018. Area scaling and surface finish were observed to be the dominant factors affecting breakdown. Based on these results, we recommend that the next generation of TPCs should not withstand fields larger than 20 kV/cm on the electrode surfaces. In addition, small electrical activity was frequently observed during high voltage ramps prior to electrostatic discharge. Furthermore, the position of breakdowns was reconstructed with a system of high-speed cameras and good agreement with electric field simulations was found.

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Section: Factors Affecting Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of dielectric breakdown in liquid xenon with the XeBrA experiment

Watson¹,

Olcina²,

Soria³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…It describes the electric discharge between two conductive materials and determines the breakdown voltage (V bd ) at which the discharge process starts. Beside that (V bd ) depends on the density and type of the gas, the material of the two electrodes, the gap length between them, and the degree of preexisting ionization [5] [6] [7].…”

Section: ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a New DC-Glow Discharge Plasma Set-Up to Enhance the Electronic Circuits Performance

Talab¹,

Yahia²,

Saudy³

et al. 2020

JMP

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The (DC-GDPAU) is a DC glow discharge plasma experiment that was designed, established, and operated in the Physics Department at Ain Shams University (Egypt). The aim of this experiment is to study and improve some properties of a printed circuit board (PCB) by exposing it to the plasma. The device consists of cylindrical discharge chamber with movable parallel circular copper electrodes (cathode and anode) fixed inside it. The distance between them is 12 cm. This plasma experiment works in a low-pressure range (0.15-0.70 Torr) for Ar gas with a maximum DC power supply of 200 W. The Paschen curves and electrical plasma parameters (current, volt, power, resistance) characterized to the plasma have been measured and calculated at each cm between the two electrodes. Besides, the electron temperature and ion density are obtained at different radial distances using a double Langmuir probe. The electron temperature (KT e) was kept stable in range 6.58 to 10.44 eV; whereas the ion density (n i) was in range from 0.91 × 10 10 cm −3 to 1.79 × 10 10 cm −3. A digital optical microscope (800×) was employed to draw a comparison between the pre-and after effect of exposure to plasma on the shaping of the circuit layout. The experimental results show that the electrical conductivity increased after plasma exposure, also an improvement in the adhesion force in the Cu foil surface. A significant increase in the conductivity can be directly related to the position of the sample surfaces as well as to the time of exposure. This shows the importance of the obtained results in developing the PCBs manufacturing that uses in different microelectronics devices like those onboard of space vehicles.

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“…Using the known gap, 100 µm, and discharge voltage, 1 kV, and vapor pressure diagram for carbon [28], the lo-cal pressure was estimated on the order of 10-100 Torr. Since atomized carbon discharges are not well studied, we rely on Paschen's curves known for noble gases or N 2 [29]. The estimated pressure of 10-100 Torr corresponds to a temperature of at least 3000 K. Indirect confirmation of extensive heating of the cathode comes from post mortem analyses of the samples.…”

Section: V 920vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field electron emission induced glow discharge in a nanodiamond vacuum diode

Baturin¹,

Nikhar²,

Baryshev³

2019

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The present letter extends the prior findings on self-induced heating of solid state field emission devices. It was found that a vacuum diode (base pressure ∼ 10 −9 Torr), that makes use of graphiterich polycrystalline diamond as cathode material, can switch from diode regime to resistor regime, to glow discharge plasma regime without any external perturbation, i.e. all transitions are self-induced. Combined results of in situ field emission microscopy and ex situ electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggested that the nanodiamond cathode of the diode heated to about 3000 K which caused self-induced material evaporation, ionization and eventually micro-plasma formation. Our results confirm that field emission, commonly called cold emission, is a very complex phenomenon that can cause severe thermal load. Thermal load and material runaway could be the major factors causing vacuum diode deterioration, i.e. progressive increase in turn-on field, decrease in field enhancement factor, and eventual failure. arXiv:1811.04186v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

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Paschen's law studies in cold gases

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Study of dielectric breakdown in liquid xenon with the XeBrA experiment

Study of dielectric breakdown in liquid xenon with the XeBrA experiment

Characterization of a New DC-Glow Discharge Plasma Set-Up to Enhance the Electronic Circuits Performance

Field electron emission induced glow discharge in a nanodiamond vacuum diode

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