“…These types of applications produce a network matrix containing both positive and negative ties. Heider’s (1946, 1958) structural balance theory provided the theoretical foundation for a number of developments pertaining to the blockmodelling of signed networks (Brusco, Doreian, Mrvar, & Steinley, 2011; Brusco & Steinley, 2010; Doreian, 2008; Doreian, Lloyd, & Mrvar, 2013; Doreian & Mrvar, 1996, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016; Traag, Doreian & Mrvar, 2018).…”