Partitioning of marine antifoulants in the marine environment

Comber, Sean; Franklin, Gemma L.; Gardner, Michael; Watts, C.D.; Boxall, Alistair; Howcroft, J

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00963-9

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The range of partitioning coefficients observed in this study is consistent with the range of values from similar coastal systems, including the southern coast of England (0.0003-0.12; Comber et al 2002), Melbourne Harbor, Australia (0.076;Holbrook 1984), San Francisco Bay, California (0.07;Wood et al 1995), and Galveston Bay, Texas (0.03; Wen et al 1999). Of the four surveys, three are quite consistent (January 2001, May 2001, September 2001, whereas the partitioning coefficient for the August 2000 survey is somewhat larger, indicating a preferential partitioning to the particulate phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Modeling the mass balance and fate of copper in San Diego Bay

Chadwick

Zirino

Rivera-Duarte

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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Because of its presence in antifouling coatings, stormwater, and industrial and municipal discharges, copper is a ubiquitous contaminant in estuarine and coastal environments. We integrated a system-wide field program with a one-dimensional model to evaluate the overall mass balance of copper in a representative coastal harbor, San Diego Bay, California. Field results from four surveys over 1 yr showed remarkably similar distributions of total copper, with a general increase from the ocean into the Bay followed by a slight decrease in the inner Bay. Total copper concentrations ranged from 5 nmol L Ϫ1 to nearly 60 nmol L Ϫ1. Highest levels for both total and dissolved copper were observed during the winter. Results from a one-dimensional model accounting for the balance of sources, flushing, and losses to the sediment illustrated the importance of accounting for losses of copper to the sediment, without which water column concentrations are overestimated by as much as a factor of five. The time scale for the loss term is on the order of 8-10 d. The model reproduced the field measurements quite well with a loss term controlled by partitioning and settling parameters. The overall balance of total copper in the Bay appears to be split between losses to the ocean via tidal flushing and losses to the sediments via settling. Settling plays an important role in the fate of copper in the Bay, and the sediments are a key endpoint for copper.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Modeling the mass balance and fate of copper in San Diego Bay

Chadwick

Zirino

Rivera-Duarte

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…For example, approximately 150,000 small boats required annual maintenance in England, consuming up to 300 tons of Cu (Comber et al, 2002) and resulting in up to 2.1 kg Cu per boat per year (surface area below the waterline were assumed as 30.7 m 2 ) leached into the surrounding estuaries (Boxall et al, 2000). Another commonly used biocide was dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), which was still detected in antifouling paints in previous studies (Yu et al, 2011a(Yu et al, , 2011b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of antifouling paint flakes to the distribution of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in estuarine sediment

Bao

Tao

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…Beside zinc, the majority of tin-free antifouling paints currently available contain copper, and some contain silver [81]. Currently, the major copper compounds used for antifouling include metallic copper, cuprous thiocyanate, and cuprous oxide [82,83]. Copper ions as Cu 2+ have a major role in antifouling [1].…”

Section: Modern Chemical Antifouling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%