Partitioning of Intermediary Carbon Metabolism in Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Leek

Shachar‐Hill, Yair; Pfeffer, Philip E.; Douds, David D.; Osman, Stanley F.; Doner, Landis W.; Ratcliffe, George

doi:10.1104/pp.108.1.7

Cited by 282 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Saito (1995) found high hexokinase activity in the isolated intraradical hyphae, suggesting the presence of active glycolysis. The NMR study showed that in mycorrhizal leek roots with Glomus etunicatum, the glucose was metabolized and transformed into trehalose and glycogen but the sucrose was not (Shachar-Hill et al, 1995). These results also support the proposition that glucose is the main carbon source for the intraradical hyphae in arbuscular mycorrhizas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…These results also support the proposition that glucose is the main carbon source for the intraradical hyphae in arbuscular mycorrhizas. Shachar-Hill et al (1995) found a lag time > 12 h before labelled glucose was transformed into trehalose and glycogen. Since in the present experiment COg evolution from glucose was detected within 1 h, trehalose and glycogen synthesis (which might be related to energy storage) might be induced after physiological change to the symbiosis, such as excision of roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, the activity of mycorrhizal fungi must be estimated by comparing mycorrhizas with non-mycorrhizal roots. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) can be used to trace the metabolism of mycorrhizas, especially if ^^C-labelled compounds are used as a tracer (Shachar-Hill et al, 1995). However, it is difficult to differentiate the metabolism in the intraradical hyphae from that in the host cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of sugars by intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi revealed by radiorespirometry

1997

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SUMMARYEvolution of ^*CO2 from onion roots and the intraradical hyphae of Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall was examined by radiorespirometry after addition of ^*C-labelled glucose or sucrose to mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal roots. In mycorrhizas, the respiration rate from glucose was about twice that from sucrose. The respiration rate from glucose in the mycorrhizas was much higher than that in the non-mycorrhizal roots, but no differences between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots were found in the respiration from sucrose. Intraradical hyphae were isolated from mycorrhizas by enzyme digestion and homogenization followed by Percoll® gradient centrifugation. The ^*C-labelled glucose, fructose or sucrose was added to the isolated hyphae and the subsequent evolution of ^*CO,^ was measured. The hyphae mainly used glucose as a substrate for respiration. Although sucrose or fructose was utilized to some degree, the respiration rate from glucose was much higher than that from sucrose and fructose. This is the first direct evidence of use of glucose by the intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the symbiotic state.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of sugars by intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi revealed by radiorespirometry

1997

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“…This typical fungal carbohydrate reserve (Kendrick, 1992) has been found in association with lipidic droplets in axenically-cultured germ tubes, where it is presumed to be a breakdown product of lipids, previously stored within the fungal spore (Sward, 1981). Glycogen has been also found in AM fungal hyphae when the fungus is host-associated (BonfanteFasolo, 1984 ;Shachar-Hill et al, 1995). In this case the glycogen was suggested to be at least partially derived from the host plant (see Sward (1981) for references).…”

Section: Cytological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Branched absorbing structures (BAS): a feature of the extraradical mycelium of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

et al. 1998

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The present work describes the morphogenesis and cytological characteristics of ' branched absorbing structures ' (BAS, formely named arbuscule-like structures, ALS), small groups of dichotomous hyphae formed by the extraradical mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Monoxenic cultures of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices Smith & Schenck and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) roots allowed the continuous, nondestructive study of BAS development. These structures were not observed in axenic cultures of the fungus under different nutritional conditions or in unsuccessful (asymbiotic) monoxenic cultures. However, extraradical mycelium of G. intraradices formed BAS immediately after fungal penetration of the host root and establishment of the symbiosis. The average BAS development time was 7 d under our culture conditions, after which they degenerated, becoming empty septate structures. Certain BAS were closely associated with spore formation, appearing at the spore's substending hypha. Branches of these spore-associated BAS (spore-BAS) usually formed spores. Electron microscopy studies revealed that BAS and arbuscules show several ultrastructural similarities. The possible role of BAS in nutrient uptake by the mycorrhizal plant is discussed.

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“…Several studies have described metabolic and transcriptional changes in plants in relation to carbon metabolism during AM colonization (Shachar-Hill et al 1995;Blee and Anderson 2002;Ravnskov et al 2003;Schubert et al 2003;Schaarschmidt et al 2006;García-Rodríguez et al 2007;Tejeda-Sartorius et al 2008) and in some cases, the extent to which carbon supply is limiting. For example, transgenic manipulation of invertase levels demonstrated on one hand that hexose supply to roots limits AM colonization (Schaarschmidt et al 2007a), but on the other hand that AM colonization cannot be increased above a certain threshold by elevating carbon transport to the root (Schaarschmidt et al 2007b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root starch accumulation in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization differs among Lotus japonicus starch mutants

Gutjahr

Novero

Welham

et al. 2011

Planta

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are obligate symbionts dependent for completion of their life cycle on plant carbohydrates, which they trade for mineral nutrients. Plant colonization by AM fungi is therefore expected to induce profound changes in plant carbon metabolism. We have previously observed that on one hand starch accumulation increases in responses to pre-symbiotic fungal signals and on the other hand, it decreases in mycorrhizal Lotus japonicus roots (Gutjahr et al. in New Phytol 183:53-61, 2009). To examine the importance of starch metabolism for AM development, we took advantage of a novel series of Lotus japonicus mutants impaired either in starch degradation or in synthesis. Normal AM colonization in all mutants indicated that defects in starch metabolism do not affect AM development and that carbohydrates can be supplied to the AM fungus without a requirement for starch synthesis. Furthermore, our experiments allowed us to characterize root starch dynamics in detail and point to continued turnover of starch in the degradation mutants in the presence of mycorrhiza.

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Partitioning of Intermediary Carbon Metabolism in Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Leek

Cited by 282 publications

References 17 publications

Use of sugars by intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi revealed by radiorespirometry

Use of sugars by intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi revealed by radiorespirometry

Branched absorbing structures (BAS): a feature of the extraradical mycelium of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Root starch accumulation in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization differs among Lotus japonicus starch mutants

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