Particulate Matter Production of Small Heat Source Depending on the Bark Content in Wood Pellets

Holubčík, Michal; Jandačka, Jozef; Nosek, Radovan; Barański, Jacek

doi:10.1007/s40825-018-0081-y

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…On the other hand, there are also elements that predominate in the PM 2.5 (Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn), whose concentrations increase significantly (>100%) during the heating season ( Table 4 ). Here, the influence of a seasonal source of PM is assumed—local heating [ 26 , 31 , 73 , 76 , 82 ]. If we use the criterion of the beginning of the heating season in Slovakia, when the average daily temperature is <13 °C (Act on Thermal Energy No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main sources of PM air pollution in urban areas include road transport and domestic heating with wood and coal [ 14 , 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Emissions of PM from motor vehicles originate from two main sources: the combustion of fossil fuels—whose emissions are released via tailpipe exhaust [ 25 , 28 , 31 , 32 ]—and non-exhaust processes, including the degradation of vehicle parts and road surfaces [ 25 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], as well as the resuspension of road dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Variation, Chemical Composition, and PMF-Derived Sources Identification of Traffic-Related PM1, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10 in the Air Quality Management Region of Žilina, Slovakia

Jandačka

Ďurčanská

2021

IJERPH

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Particulate matter (PM) air pollution in the urban environment is mainly related to the presence of potential sources throughout the year. Road transport is one of the most important sources of PM in the urban environment, because it directly affects pedestrians. PM measurements were performed in the city of Žilina, Slovakia, at various road-traffic-related measurement stations over the course of several years. This paper evaluates changes in the concentration of the fine fraction (PM2.5), the ultrafine fraction (PM1), and the coarse fraction (PM2.5–10) over time. PM concentrations were measured by reference gravimetric method. Significant changes in PM concentrations over time due to the diversification of pollution sources and other, secondary factors can be observed from the analysis of the measured data. PM samples were subjected to chemical analysis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the concentrations of elements (Mg, Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Ni, and Zn). The seasonal variation of elements was evaluated, and the sources of PM2.5, PM1, and PM2.5–10 were estimated using principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). PM2.5 (maximum concentration of 148.95 µg/m3 over 24 h) and PM1 (maximum concentration of 110.51 µg/m3 over 24 h) showed the highest concentrations during the heating season, together with the elements Cd, Pb, and Zn, which showed a significant presence in these fractions. On the other hand, PM2.5–10 (maximum concentration of 38.17 µg/m3 over 24 h) was significantly related to the elements Cu, Sb, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Al. High correlation coefficients (r ≥ 0.8) were found for the elements Mg, Ca, Fe, Al, Cd, Pb, and Zn in the PM1 fraction, Cd, Pb, and Zn in PM2.5, and Ba, Sb, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Al, and Ca in PM2.5–10. Using PMF analysis, three major sources of PM (abrasion from tires and brakes, road dust resuspension/winter salting, and combustion processes) were identified for the PM2.5 and PM1 fractions, as well as for the coarse PM2.5–10 fraction. This study reveals the importance of non-exhaust PM emissions in the urban environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation, Chemical Composition, and PMF-Derived Sources Identification of Traffic-Related PM1, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10 in the Air Quality Management Region of Žilina, Slovakia

Jandačka

Ďurčanská

2021

IJERPH

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“…Untuk meminimalisasi campuran yang kurang seragam, maka bahan-bahan yang akan dicampurkan harus dikecilkan membentuk bubuk terlebih dahulu dan mengatur kondisi operasi pada saat proses blending. Sedangkan untuk mengurangi debu yang ditimbulkan proses kering, maka proses dilengkapi dengan Electrostastic Precipitator untuk menangkap debu yang terikut pada udara yang akan dibuang [6].…”

Section: ) Proses Keringunclassified

Efisiensi Penambahan Bahan Bakar Wood Pellet di Rotary Kiln pada Pabrik Semen

Kemala,

Kusuma Wardhani,

Surono

2023

JTITS

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Industri semen merupakan salah satu industri yang berkembang sangat pesat seiring dengan pertumbuhan pembangunan di Indonesia. Meningkatnya permintaan semen terhadap pembangunan mempengaruhi meningkatkan permintaaan kapasitas produksi yang dihasilkan industri semen. Penambahan kapasitas produsksi berdampak terhadap pada ketersediaan bahan baku semen diantaranya batu kapur (limestone), tanah liat (clay), pasir besi (iron sand), dan pasir silika (silika sand). Dalam hal ini, Wonogiri memiliki sumber ketersediaan batu kapur yang tinggi terutama pada daerah Baturetno. Kapasitas produksi pabrik Semen yang akan didirikan yaitu 2.200.000 ton/tahun akan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 24 jam/hari dan 300 hari/tahun. Proses pembuatan semen yang dipilih adalah proses kering. Proses kering meliputi proses persiapan bahan baku batu kapur dan tanah liat di crusher lalu dipecah oleh hammer dan melewati clay cutter sehingga terjadi size reduction. Selanjutnya tahap penggilingan awal yaitu bahan baku digiling dan dikeringkan dengan raw mill lalu lanjut ke tahap pembakaran dengan raw meal dialirkan ke preheater untuk melakukan kalsinasi, lalu diumpan ke proses pembakaran di kiln sehingga menghasilkan senyawa clinker yang kemudian didinginkan didalam clinker cooler. Tahap terakhir yaitu pengiilingan akhir diumpan kedalam ball mill dengan bahan tambahan gypsum dan fly ash menjadi semen yang berukuran 325 mesh. Efisiensi yang dilakukan yaitu bahan bakar batubara disubtitusikan dengan bahan bakar biomassa wood pellet pada proses pembakaran di rotary kiln sehingga dapat membandingkan 2 kasus penurunan emisi CO2 dan penurunan dampak pemanasan global: (1) penggunaan bahan bakar 100% batubara dan (2) penggunaan bahan bakar 60% batubara dan 40% wood pellet, serta untuk mengetahui perbandingan cost yang dibutuhkan untuk bahan bakar. Hasil analisa dampak penurunan emisi CO2 dan pemanasan global pada kasus (2) mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,2290 ton CO2-eq dan 0,0449 ton CO2/TJ per hari. sedangkan hasil analisa cost bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan pada kasus (1) dan (2) terjadi penghematan sebesar Rp. 636.241.487 per hari.

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“…Concentrations of PM represent a growing problem, especially in urban agglomerations, where they can come from various sources, such as road transport (exhaust and non-exhaust emissions), local industry, local heating, resuspension of road dust from streets and agriculture [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In densely populated parts of cities, road transport is a significant source of PM air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Road Dust, PMx and Aerosol in a Shopping–Recreational Urban Area: Physicochemical Properties, Concentration, Distribution and Sources Estimation

Jandacka,

Brna,

Durcanska

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Road transport is a source of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM). Non-exhaust PM emissions include road surface wear, tires, brakes and road dust resuspension. An important part of PM in urban air consists of particles that originate from the resuspension of road dust. This study focused on the analysis of the physicochemical properties of road dust and PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 (PMx) in the air (size, concentration, distribution, content of chemical elements), the properties of urban aerosol (number, mass and area distribution), and at the same time, the interconnection between the detected chemical elements in road dust and individual PM fractions in the air in order to reveal the sources of PM in the Žilina City, Slovakia. The presence of various chemical elements was found in road dust, of which the highest concentrations (more than 100 mg/g) were the elements Ca, Si and Al (specifically 373.3 mg/g, 351.4 mg/g and 113.9 mg/g on average from four sampling sites). The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were, on average, 27.2 μg/m3, 19.5 μg/m3 and 14.5 μg/m3 during the measurement period according to the reference gravimetric method. The chemical elements K, S, Cd, Sb, Pb, Ni and Zn were detected and the most represented (more than 60%) in the fine PM2.5 fraction, and the chemical elements Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe and Ba were the most represented in the coarse PM2.5–10 fraction. The analysis of the aerosol in the range of 12 nm–20 μm revealed a bimodal distribution of the collected sample of the investigated urban aerosol. This study provides a comprehensive view of the properties of road dust, airborne PM and aerosol (up to the size of nanoparticles), which can contribute to the expansion of knowledge in this field.

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Particulate Matter Production of Small Heat Source Depending on the Bark Content in Wood Pellets

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Seasonal Variation, Chemical Composition, and PMF-Derived Sources Identification of Traffic-Related PM1, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10 in the Air Quality Management Region of Žilina, Slovakia

Seasonal Variation, Chemical Composition, and PMF-Derived Sources Identification of Traffic-Related PM1, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10 in the Air Quality Management Region of Žilina, Slovakia

Efisiensi Penambahan Bahan Bakar Wood Pellet di Rotary Kiln pada Pabrik Semen

Characterization of Road Dust, PMx and Aerosol in a Shopping–Recreational Urban Area: Physicochemical Properties, Concentration, Distribution and Sources Estimation

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