Particulate Matter in the Urban Atmosphere: Concentration, Distribution, Reduction – Results of Studies in the Berlin Metropolitan Area

Geospatial and Geostatistical Analyses of Particulate Matter (PM₁₀) Concentrations in Imo State, Nigeria

“…The study therefore was carried out in these areas described above which include Owerri, Orlu, Okigwe and Egbema with a total of four sampling station in each location. This amounts to sixteen (16) 10 variation in (morning, afternoon, and evening) at different locations was determined using variance (VAR) and co-efficient of variation (CV %). This was categorized as little variation (CV % < 20), moderate variation (CV % = 20 -50) and high variation (CV % > 50) [47].…”

“…Atmospheric pollution has been persistent as a result of continuous mixing, transformation and trans-boundary transportation of atmospheric pollutants that deteriorates the air quality of an area and makes it difficult to predict [1]. These atmospheric pollutants especially the particulate matter (PM 10 ) has been increasingly unabated due to population growth, urbanization, industrialization, increase in vehicular traffic and wrong implementation of strict environmental regulations, which could contribute significantly to reduction of air quality standards [2].…”

“…Particulate matter (PM 10 ) is one of the air pollutants emitted into the atmospheric environment by anthropogenic and natural sources which may impact negatively to air quality of the surrounding environment [3]. Pollution of the atmospheric environment due to particulate matter could be regarded as a very important air pollutant and one of the most significant sources of atmospheric pollution.…”

“…Similarly, Chiemeka reported significant levels of Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pbin atmospheric aerosol samples [5]. In addition, Majewski et al reported presence of As, Cd and Ni in samples of particulate (PM 10 ) matter in Warszawa, Poland [6].…”

“…Particulates, such as dust, soot, or smoke, are sizable or dark enough to be observed with human naked eye [7].PM 10 are atmospheric particles which could be liquid or solid, organic or inorganic particulate contaminants ranging from 0.001 to 10 µm [8 -10]. These particles are usually suspended in the atmospheric environment close to sources of air pollution like in urban atmosphere, highways, windblown dust, industrial plant vicinity, power plants, mining sites, volcanic eruption, bush burning and from agricultural practices [11 -15].…”