Particulate Matter from the Road Surface Abrasion as a Problem of Non-Exhaust Emission Control

Abstract

Along with house heating and industry, emissions from road traffic (exhaust and tire, brake, car body or road surface abrasions) are one of the primary sources of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere in urban areas. Though numerous regulations and vehicle-control mechanisms have led to a significant decline of PM emissions from vehicle exhaust gases, other sources of PM remain related to road and car abrasion are responsible for non-exhaust emissions. Quantifying these emissions is a hard problem in both laboratory and field conditions. First, we must recognize the physicochemical properties of the PM that is emitted by various non-exhaust sources. In this paper, we underline the problem of information accessibility with regards to the properties and qualities of PM from non-exhaust sources. We also indicate why scarce information is available in order to find the possible solution to this ongoing issue.

A Review of Electric Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions and Policy Recommendations to Increase EV Penetration in India

“…3. Non-exhaust emissions: These are the particulate emissions due to various road traffic-related processes due to abrasion, driving style and road surface dust [38][39][40]. The most important abrasion processes that result in direct PM emission are tire, brake, clutch and road surface wear [41,42].…”

Traffic-generated changes in the elemental profile of urban coarse dust at a highway and crossroads

“…The occurrence of these elements in the atmospheric air can be associated with the impact of traffic emissions, specifically with the abrasion of tires and road surfaces (asphalt, paint, etc.) resulting from traffic [8][9][10][11]18], the combustion of fuels and their compounds [5,6,10] or the abrasion of brake blocks and pads [8][9][10][11]18].…”

“…Crude oil, even before the refining process, contains small amounts of trace elements, which is causing these elements to usually occur in the fine PM emitted from its combustion (PM2.5) [5,6]. Metal compounds are also observed in the coarse particles fraction (PM2.5-10, and also in particles with an aerodynamic diameter exceeding 10 µm) originating from non-exhaust traffic emissions, arising from, among others: the corrosion of cars elements, the wear of brake discs and blocks, and the abrasion of clutch plates, tires and road surfaces [7][8][9][10]. The precious metal compounds produced during the exploitation of catalytic converters supply both fine and coarse PM [11].…”

“…Due to the above, concentrations of PM-related elements are often monitored at locations exposed to the direct impact of non-exhaust traffic emissions [6][7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. So far in Poland, research into PM and PM characteristics in the vicinity of roads and crossroads have been studied mainly in the area of Upper Silesia [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Silica Dust as an Additive in Concrete with Proven Impact on Human Health

“…In general, it can be briefly summarized that many PM studies were carried out in urban areas, but few of them focused on PM in construction works [34,63], or PM from road surfaces abrasion [64]; the minimum amount of data in this range can be found for the smallest PM particles below 100 μm [48].…”