Particulate Matter, Endotoxin, and Worker Respiratory Health on Large Californian Dairies

Mitchell, Diane C.; Armitage, Tracey; Schenker, Marc B.; Bennett, Deborah H.; Tancredi, Daniel J.; Langer, Chelsea Eastman; Reynolds, Stephen J.; Dooley, Greg; Mehaffy, John; Mitloehner, Frank M.

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000304

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Personal exposure to endotoxin in PM 2.5 among Californian dairy workers has not been previously reported. Here we show that dairy workers had about five times higher personal exposure to PM 2.5 endotoxin compared to controls, which is similar to Mitchell et al [30] who found total inhalable endotoxin was an order of magnitude higher among the same worker. This is likely the case because dairy facilities have more biogenic sources originating from the animals and daily practices when compared to other non-livestock agricultural settings [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers

Arteaga¹,

Mitchell²,

Matt³

et al. 2015

JEP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Individual exposures to particulate matter and endotoxin in dairies have increased as operations have transitioned to larger herd sizes. A cross-sectional study at 13 California dairies and one non-dairy control facility was conducted to determine associations between endotoxin concentrations measured in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and respiratory function in these workers. Previous research found that dairy work was associated with acute airway obstruction in comparison to controls. While endotoxin levels in PM 2.5 have been previously reported, their effects on lung function have not been studied among California dairy workers. This paper also examined correlations with PM 2.5 concentration, inhalable particulate matter (IPM), and endotoxin in IPM. Personal samples collected from a total of 185 dairy workers and 45 control workers were included in the analyses. Findings showed that dairy facilities had higher (p < 0.001) endotoxin in PM 2.5 when compared with the control facility (3.3 EU/m 3 , 0.6 EU/m 3 , respectively). Endotoxin in PM 2.5 was weakly correlated with PM 2.5 concentration (r 2 = 0.16, p < 0.05) and IPM endotoxin (r 2 = 0.35, p < 0.01), but not with IPM concentration. When controlling for age, ethnicity, smoking, height and personal protective equipment use, PM 2.5 endotoxin exposure was associated with lower crossshift in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) only among taller workers (p = 0.006). This is the first study to present personal occupational exposures to endotoxin in PM 2.5 measured on Californian dairies. Despite lower levels than in other industries, such as poultry farms, this study suggests that some workers may be affected, and efforts should V. E. Arteaga et al. 553 be aimed at mitigating pollutants in order to maintain endotoxin concentrations below recommended levels.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Dairy farm job task also influenced endotoxin exposures in IPM pollutants [29]. In the paper by Mitchell et al [30] exposure to endotoxin in the TSP size fraction and shift-length was associated with decrease in FVC. However, this analysis used a larger dairy worker sample size of 205.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers

Arteaga¹,

Mitchell²,

Matt³

et al. 2015

JEP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Endotoxins have been considered to be one of the main factors contributing to occupational lung diseases and organic dust toxic syndrome (Park et al, 2015). In fact, changes in pulmonary function due to endotoxin exposure have been (Paudyal et al, 2011), dairy workers (GM: 329 EU/m 3 (Mitchell et al, 2015), animal feed and grain workers (GM: 662 EU/m 3 ), and sewage treatment plant workers (GM: 214 EU/m 3 ) (Cyprowski et al, 2015).…”

Section: Endotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health

Kim

Kabir²,

Jahan

2018

Journal of Environmental Sciences

347

200

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bioaerosols consist of aerosols originated biologically such as metabolites, toxins, or fragments of microorganisms that are present ubiquitously in the environment. International interests in bioaerosols have increased rapidly to broaden the pool of knowledge on their identification, quantification, distribution, and health impacts (e.g., infectious and respiratory diseases, allergies, and cancer). However, risk assessment of bioaerosols based on conventional culture methods has been hampered further by several factors such as: (1) the complexity of microorganisms or derivatives to be investigated; (2) the purpose, techniques, and locations of sampling; and (3) the lack of valid quantitative criteria (e.g., exposure standards and dose/effect relationships). Although exposure to some microbes is considered to be beneficial for health, more research is needed to properly assess their potential health hazards including inter-individual susceptibility, interactions with non-biological agents, and many proven/unproven health effects (e.g., atopy and atopic diseases).

show abstract

“…Agricultural workers inhalation exposure to dust measured over the work‐shift has been reported from 0.8 to 20 mg per cubic meter (mg/m 3 ) [Donham et al, ; Kullman et al, ; Vogelzang et al, ; Spaan et al, ; Reynolds et al, ; Eastman et al, ; Garcia et al, ; Basinas et al, ; Mitchell et al, ]. Among dairy workers, Kullman et al reported personal exposure geometric mean concentrations of inhalable dust and endotoxin at 1.78 mg/m 3 and 647 endotoxin units per cubic meter (EU/m 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary function and airway inflammation among dairy parlor workers after exposure to inhalable aerosols

Nonnenmann

Gimeno

Levin

et al. 2017

American J Industrial Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Particulate Matter, Endotoxin, and Worker Respiratory Health on Large Californian Dairies

Abstract: Modern California dairy endotoxin exposures and shift length were associated with a mild acute decrease in forced vital capacity.

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers

Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health

Pulmonary function and airway inflammation among dairy parlor workers after exposure to inhalable aerosols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Particulate Matter, Endotoxin, and Worker Respiratory Health on Large Californian Dairies

Abstract: Modern California dairy endotoxin exposures and shift length were associated with a mild acute decrease in forced vital capacity.

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers

Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health

Pulmonary function and airway inflammation among dairy parlor workers after exposure to inhalable aerosols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers

Occupational Exposure to Endotoxin in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and Pre- and Post-Shift Lung Function in California Dairy Workers