Particulate Matter: A Strategic Vision for Transportation-Related Research

McCarthy, Michael C.; Eisinger, Douglas S.; Hafner, Hilary R.; Chinkin, Lyle R.; Roberts, Paul T.; Black, Kevin; Clark, Nigel N.; McMurry, Peter H.; Winer, Arthur M.

doi:10.1021/es062767i

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Current air quality standards are based on particle mass (particles with diameters of <2.5 µm, or PM 2.5 , and particles with diameters of <10 µm, or PM 10 ); but given the information in the recent literature, which associates health effects with levels of exposure according to the numbers of ultrafine particles (those <100 nm in diameter), regulatory action is needed to research and promulgate number-based PM emissions standards, a strategy currently being explored by European regulators (36).…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Truck Traffic in Low-Income and Minority Communities Adjacent to Ports

Houston

Krudysz

Winer

2008

Transportation Research Record

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Container traffic at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California, has tripled in the past 15 years, resulting in massive port-related heavy-duty diesel truck (HDDT) traffic on surface streets in the low-income and minority communities of Wilmington and western Long Beach adjacent to the ports. In response to the limitations of existing data on the volumes of HDDTs on surface streets, this study used direct video measurements of surface street traffic at 11 intersections and line segments in these communities to document port-related truck traffic traveling to and from inter-modal facilities, truck service sites, local amenities. and regional goods movement roadways. The volumes of HDDTs often reached 400 to 600/h for several hours immediately upwind of sensitive land uses, such as schools, open-field parks, and residences. Diurnal truck traffic patterns on surface streets varied by intersection, local conditions, and passenger car commute patterns. Given the documented health and environmental consequences of HDDT emissions, the results raise serious public health concerns for the inhabitants who reside, work, attend school, or recreate in close proximity to roadways with HDDT traffic in these communities adjacent to ports. This paper discusses the environmental justice implications of truck-related land use conflicts and current planning and emission control strategies to mitigate the local air pollution impacts of increasing port-related truck traffic in these low-income, minority communities.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Truck Traffic in Low-Income and Minority Communities Adjacent to Ports

Houston

Krudysz

Winer

2008

Transportation Research Record

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“…However, several other objectives are pursued as well, including transportation-related emissions reduction (especially to meet conformity obligations) [11], public transportation use or mode shift encouragement [12], land use management [13], and social welfare maximization [14].…”

Section: Goals Of Road Pricingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generations of Road Pricing: Social Welfare Enhancing

Rouhani

2016

Sustainability

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This paper offers a broad overview of road pricing from a social welfare perspective. I first examine two common objectives of road pricing: congestion management and profit making. My goal is to provide a guideline explaining how to promote a social-welfare-enhancing road pricing scheme.To this end, we should: (i) consider and improve public transportation systems by providing more environment-friendly transport options; (ii) include tolling profits in our welfare analysis (as opposed to what economists suggest) since residents are the real owners of roads not users, and since some users are from outside the region and so might not be excluded from analysis; and (iii) search for a holistic approach that takes into account system-wide impacts, disutility to users who change their travel behavior (i.e., switch to public transportation, shift their travel, or do not travel at all), and the impacts on land use, employment, and residents.

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“…In general, the spatial distribution of anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions is highly dependent on population density. Currently, motor vehicles substantially contribute to air pollution, accounting for 65% of total PM2.5 emissions in urban areas in the United States [9]. Mobile emissions contain the fuel combustion exhaust from different vehicle types, which can be determined using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Seasonal Climate Variability on Vehicle Exhaust PM2.5 in the State of California: A Hybrid Approach based on Artificial Neural Network and Spatial Analysis

Yu¹,

Mohebbi²,

Cai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This study aims to develop a hybrid approach based on backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and spatial analysis techniques to predict particulate matter of size 2.5 µm (PM2.5) from vehicle exhaust emissions in the State of California based on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and the climatic indicators (relative humidity, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed). The PM2.5 data was generated using Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES). The measured climatic variables and AOD were obtained from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) and NASA's Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS), respectively. The data was resampled to a singular seasonal format and was scaled down over grids of 10 by 10 to 150 by 150. Coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to assess the quality of the ANN prediction model. The model peaked at winter seasons with R2 = 0.984, RMSE = 0.027, and MAPE = 25.311, whereas it had the least performance in summer with R2 = 0.920, RMSE = 0.057, and MAPE = 65.214. These results indicate that the ANN model developed is capable of accurately predicting the PM2.5 concentration and can be used to forecast future trends.

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Particulate Matter: A Strategic Vision for Transportation-Related Research

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Diesel Truck Traffic in Low-Income and Minority Communities Adjacent to Ports

Diesel Truck Traffic in Low-Income and Minority Communities Adjacent to Ports

Next Generations of Road Pricing: Social Welfare Enhancing

The Influence of Seasonal Climate Variability on Vehicle Exhaust PM2.5 in the State of California: A Hybrid Approach based on Artificial Neural Network and Spatial Analysis

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