Particulate Matter 2.5 and Hematological Disorders From Dust to Diseases: A Systematic Review of Available Evidence

Abstract

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the air enters the human body by diffusion into the blood. Therefore, hematological abnormalities might occur because of these toxic particles, but few studies on this issue have been reported. According to Cochrane guidance, we performed a systematic review on the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and the risk of hematological disorders. Ten articles were included in this review. Anemia was found among children and elderly populations with 2- to 5-year PM2.5 exposure. Young children from mothers exposed to air pollution during pregnancy had a higher incidence of leukemia similar to the elderly. Supporting these data, outdoor workers also showed abnormal epigenetic modifications after exposure to very high PM2.5 levels. Adults living in high PM2.5 areas for 2 years were more likely to develop thrombocytosis. Finally, elderly populations with 7- to 8-year PM2.5 exposure showed increased risks of venous thromboembolism. In conclusion, the associations between PM2.5 and hematological aberrations among high-risk people with long-term exposure were reported.

Hematological, cholesterolemic and clinical profile in exposed to outdoor air pollution linked to the incineration of biomedical waste in Benin

“…In the study we noted thrombocytosis only in the exposed population group. In a systematic review, adults living in areas with high PM 2.5 particles for 2 years were more likely to develop thrombocytosis with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism in the population of elderly subjects exposed to these particles for 7 to 8 years [42]. In contrast to our study, Hinson and al.…”

Amine-modified nanoplastics promote the procoagulant activation of isolated human red blood cells and thrombus formation in rats

“…Physical toxicity as particles may also have contributed to the PS-NP-induced RBC toxicity observed in our study; however, we found functional and morphological alterations in RBCs at lower concentrations of PS-NPs (from 10 to 100 µg/mL), specifically by amine-modified forms. Notably, exposure to particle contaminants such as airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) or bioaerosols, which circulate in the blood and come into contact with RBCs during absorption and distribution, may be associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, including thrombosis [ 90 – 92 ]. Due to the complexity of particle composition and characteristics, it may be difficult to generalize the role of particles in the thrombotic risk.…”

The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer

“…A large body of evidence supports the association between platelet function and PM exposure [ 4 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 ]. VTE, which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third leading vascular disease, affecting nearly 10 million people annually [ 184 ].…”