Particulate Emissions from a Gasoline Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine

Price, Philip; Stone, Richard; Misztal, Jacek; Xu, Hongming; Wyszyński, Miroslaw L.; Wilson, T.; Qiao, Jinli

doi:10.4271/2007-01-0209

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Price et al discussed various reasons for non-negligible PM emissions from DI-HCCI gasoline engines [26]. Various factors affecting the PM emissions from HCCI engines explored by Price et al were piston and wall wetting, charge heterogeneity, conden sation, nucleation, ash, and metal emissions.…”

Section: F Ig 4 P a R Tic Le S I Z E -N U M B E R D Is Tr Ib U T Iomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings of numerous medical investigations indicate that several health effects are associated with ultrafine particles having diameters below 100 nm, which are typically emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels. Parameters such as the air/fuel ratio, fuel injection timing, and engine load can increase PM emissions by as much as three orders of magnitude as compared to those for a stoichiometric operation in gasoline engines [20][21][22], In HCCI engine, PM or smoke emissions are frequently reported as "near zero" or "ultralow" [24], However, recent stud ies revealed that although the total PM mass is indeed low, signifi cant numbers of these particles remain in the size range below lOOnm mobility diameter [25][26][27][28][29][30], The study conducted for inves tigation of port fuel injection timing on methanol fueled HCCI combustion showed that particle number emissions are dependent on fuel injection timings and found that start of injection during closed intake valve condition have lower peak concentration of particles [7]. Therefore, measurement and control of engine PM emissions is absolutely necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research ers showed that fine particles can penetrate the cell membranes, enter into the blood stream, reach brain, and even have some mu tagenic effects [18,19]. Price et al investigated PM emissions from a gaso line fueled HCCI engine using DI-HCCI fueling strategy and found that nucleation mode had a significantly higher particle number concentration than the accumulation mode [26]. Conventional gaso line SI engines are not known for emission of smoke or soot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigations of Particulate Size and Number Distribution in an Ethanol and Methanol Fueled HCCI Engine

Maurya

Agarwal

2014

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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Experimental Investigations of Particulate Size and Number Distribution in an Ethanol and Methanol Fueled HCCI EngineAlcohols (ethanol and methanol) are being widely considered as alternative fuels for automotive applications. At the same time, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine has attracted global attention due to its potential of providing high engine efficiency and ultralow exhaust emissions. Environmental legislation is becoming increasingly stringent, sharply focusing on particulate matter (PM) emissions. Recent emission norms consider limiting PM number concentrations in addition to PM mass. Therefore, present study is conducted to experimentally investigate the effects of engine operating parameters on the PM size-number distribution in a HCCI engine fueled with gasoline, ethanol, and methanol. The experiments were conducted on a modified fourcylinder diesel engine, with one cylinder modified to operate in HCCI mode. Port fuel injection was used for preparing homogeneous charge in the HCCI cylinder. Intake air preheating was used to enable auto-ignition of fuel-air mixture. Engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) was used for measuring size-number distribution of soot particles emitted by the HCCI engine cylinder under varying engine operating conditions. Experiments were conducted at 1200 and 2400 rpm by varying intake air temperature and air-fuel ra tio for gasoline, ethanol, and methanol. In this paper, the effect of engine operating pa rameters on PM size-number distribution, count mean diameter (CMD), and total PM numbers is investigated. The experimental data show that the PM number emissions from gasoline, ethanol, and methanol in HCCI cannot be neglected and particle numbers increase for relatively richer mixtures and higher intake air temperatures.

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Section: F Ig 4 P a R Tic Le S I Z E -N U M B E R D Is Tr Ib U T Iomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigations of Particulate Size and Number Distribution in an Ethanol and Methanol Fueled HCCI Engine

Maurya

Agarwal

2014

Journal of Energy Resources Technology

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“…Compression Ignition Direct Injection (CIDI) engines [3], gasoline Spark Ignition (SI) engines are increasingly coming under scrutiny [2]. More generally, soot can also be shown to be relevant in engines with other (multiple) Direct Injection (DI) strategies such as partially premixed Diesel, partially stratified Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) [4], and Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engines [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a detailed soot model for internal combustion engines

Mosbach

Celnik

Raj

et al. 2009

Combustion and Flame

134

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“…Currently, efforts are directed towards minimization of particulate formation. Price and Stone (2007) reported a significant concentration of accumulation mode particles in HCCI combustion therefore it was predicted that PM mass emission would not be negligible in HCCI combustion mode. They compared the emission characteristics of conventional SI mode of combustion with HCCI modes of combustion and reported NO x emissions reduction by a factor of 5 compared to conventional SI mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Characterization and Size Distribution in the Exhaust of a Gasoline Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine

Ágarwal

Gupta

Lukose

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Agglomeration, coagulation, surface condensation, adsorption and oxidation processes are a part of particulate evolution process and lead to significant changes in characteristics of particulate matter (PM), when they enter the atmosphere. PM formation can be significantly reduced by advanced combustion concepts such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). In the present study, experiments were performed in a modified gasoline fuelled HCCI engine at varying intake air temperatures (T i ), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates and relative air-fuel ratios (λ). For particulate characterization, a partial flow dilution tunnel was used to collect particulate samples on a filter paper. These particulate samples were analysed for benzene soluble organic fraction (BSOF), trace metals, and particulate morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physical characterisation of particulates was done using engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS), which measured the particle size-number distribution. In the experiments, higher PM was found for richer fuel-air mixtures and it further increased with application of EGR. Trace metals were found to be significantly lower for HCCI generated PM, which increased with increasing EGR. BSOF was negligible as compared to total PM which showed relatively lower toxicity of gasoline HCCI particulates. Total number of particles reduced with increasing λ, however particulate size-number distribution curve shifted away from accumulation mode, indicating that the particulate size decreased with increasing λ. Higher particle size-number distribution and particle size-mass distribution were observed for increasing T i . Particulate surface area and volume also increased with increasing T i and mixture strength.

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Particulate Emissions from a Gasoline Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Investigations of Particulate Size and Number Distribution in an Ethanol and Methanol Fueled HCCI Engine

Experimental Investigations of Particulate Size and Number Distribution in an Ethanol and Methanol Fueled HCCI Engine

Towards a detailed soot model for internal combustion engines

Particulate Characterization and Size Distribution in the Exhaust of a Gasoline Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine

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