Particulate barium stocks and oxygen consumption in the Southern Ocean mesopelagic water column during spring and early summer: relationship with export production

Dehairs, Frank; Shopova, D.; Ober, Sven; Veth, C.; Goeyens, Léo

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(96)00072-0

Cited by 83 publications

(142 citation statements)

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“…The rate of oxygen consumption and particulate organic carbon remineralization rate in the mesopelagic layer (later referred to as MR) can be estimated using an algorithm relating mesopelagic Ba xs contents and oxygen consumption based on earlier observations in the Southern Ocean (Shopova et al, 1995;Dehairs et al, 1997Dehairs et al, , 2008. The detailed calculations are described in Jacquet et al (2008aJacquet et al ( , 2011a.…”

Section: O 2 Consumption and Poc Remineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, earlier work highlights the fact that suspended barite in mesopelagic waters builds up over the growing season and reflects past remineralization activity integrated over several days to weeks (Dehairs et al, 1997;Cardinal et al, 2005;Jacquet et al, 2007Jacquet et al, , 2008b). An algorithm linking mesopelagic Ba xs contents to oxygen consumption (Shopova et al, 1995;Dehairs et al, 1997) allowed remineralization of POC fluxes to be estimated for the mesopelagic layer. Combined with surface C production and export estimates, mesopelagic Ba xs also highlights the deep carbon transfer efficiency of the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Here, C remineralization was assessed from particulate biogenic Ba (hereafter called excess Ba or Ba xs ; mainly forms as barite BaSO 4 crystals) contents in the mesopelagic water column. The link between barite and C remineralization depends on the fact that this mineral precipitates in oversaturated micro-environments (biogenic aggregates) during the process of prokaryotic degradation of sinking POC (Dehairs et al, 1980(Dehairs et al, , 1992(Dehairs et al, , 1997Stroobants et al, 1991, Cardinal et al, 2001Jacquet et al, 2007Jacquet et al, , 2008bJacquet et al, , 2011aPlanchon et al, 2013;Sternberg et al, 2007Sternberg et al, , 2008aSternberg et al, , 2008b. Once the aggregates have been remineralized, barites are released and spread through the mesopelagic layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early spring mesopelagic carbon remineralization and transfer efficiency in the naturally iron-fertilized Kerguelen area

et al. 2015

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Abstract. We report on the zonal variability of mesopelagic particulate organic carbon remineralization and deep carbon transfer potential during the Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau compared Study 2 expedition (KEOPS 2; OctoberNovember 2011) in an area of the polar front supporting recurrent massive blooms from natural Fe fertilization. Mesopelagic carbon remineralization (MR) was assessed using the excess, non-lithogenic particulate barium (Ba xs ) inventories in mesopelagic waters and compared with bacterial production (BP), surface primary production (PP) and export production (EP). Results for this early season study are compared with the results obtained during a previous study (2005; KEOPS 1) for the same area at a later stage of the phytoplankton bloom. Our results reveal the patchiness of the seasonal advancement and of the establishment of remineralization processes between the plateau (A3) and polar front sites during KEOPS 2. For the Kerguelen plateau (A3 site) we observe a similar functioning of the mesopelagic ecosystem during both seasons (spring and summer), with low and rather stable remineralization fluxes in the mesopelagic column (150-400 m). The shallow water column (∼ 500 m), the lateral advection, the zooplankton grazing pressure and the pulsed nature of the particulate organic carbon (POC) transfer at A3 seem to drive the extent of MR processes on the plateau. For deeper stations (> 2000 m) located on the margin, inside a polar front meander, as well as in the vicinity of the polar front, east of Kerguelen, remineralization in the upper 400 m in general represents a larger part of surface carbon export. However, when considering the upper 800 m, in some cases, the entire flux of exported carbon is remineralized. In the polar front meander, where successive stations form a time series, two successive events of particle transfer were evidenced by remineralization rates: a first mesopelagic and deep transfer from a past bloom before the cruise, and a second transfer expanding at mesopelagic layers during the cruise. Regarding the deep carbon transfer efficiency, it appeared that above the plateau (A3 site) the mesopelagic remineralization was not a major barrier to the transfer of organic matter to the seafloor (close to 500 m). There, the efficiency of carbon transfer to the bottom waters (> 400 m) as assessed by PP, EP and MR fluxes comparisons reached up to 87 % of the carbon exported from the upper 150 m. In contrast, at the deeper locations, mesopelagic remineralization clearly limited the transfer of carbon to depths of > 400 m. For sites at the margin of the plateau (station E-4W) and the polar front (station F-L), mesopelagic remineralization even exceeded Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. S. H. M. Jacquet et al.: Early season mesopelagic carbon remineralizationupper 150 m export, resulting in a zero transfer efficiency to depths > 800 m. In the polar front meander (time series), the capacity of the meander to transfer carbon to depth > 800 ...

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Section: O 2 Consumption and Poc Remineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early spring mesopelagic carbon remineralization and transfer efficiency in the naturally iron-fertilized Kerguelen area

et al. 2015

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“…Dehairs et al (1997) used a 1D advection/diffusion inverse model of the steady-state distribution of conservative and non-conservative tracers in the water column, with the aim of estimating oxygen consumption in the Southern Ocean. The weakness of this method lies, as well as in other advection/diffusion models, on the difficulty associated with the determination of eddy diffusivity.…”

Section: Inference Of Organic Matter Mineralization From Oxygen Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

Arı́stegui¹,

Agustı́²,

Middelburg³

et al. 2005

Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems

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OutlineIn this chapter the mechanisms of transport and remineralization of organic matter in the dark water-column and sediments of the oceans are reviewed. We compare the different approaches to estimate respiration rates, and discuss the discrepancies obtained by the different methodologies. Finally, a respiratory carbon budget is produced for the dark ocean, which includes vertical and lateral fluxes of organic matter. In spite of the uncertainties inherent in the different approaches to estimate carbon fluxes and oxygen consumption in the dark ocean, estimates vary only by a factor of 1.5. Overall, direct measurements of respiration, as well as indirect approaches, converge to suggest a total dark ocean respiration of 1.5-1.7 Pmol C a −1 . Carbon mass balances in the dark ocean suggest that the dark ocean receives 1.5-1.6 Pmol C a −1 , similar to the estimated respiration, of which >70% is in the form of sinking particles. Almost all the organic matter (∼92%) is remineralized in the water column, the burial in sediments accounts for <1%. Mesopelagic (150-1000 m) respiration accounts for ∼70% of dark ocean respiration, with average integrated rates of 3-4 mol C m −2 a −1 , 6-8 times greater than in the bathypelagic zone (∼0.5 mol C m −2 a −1 ). The results presented here renders respiration in the dark ocean a major component of the carbon flux in the biosphere, and should promote research in the dark ocean, with the aim of better constraining the role of the biological pump in the removal and storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

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“…Finally, the relationship between barite formation and the bacterial degradation of organic matter allowed several authors to use Ba ex as a tool to estimate carbon remineralization rates (Dehairs et al, 1997;Cardinal et al, 2005;Jacquet et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

228Ra/226Ra and 226Ra/Ba ratios in the Western Mediterranean Sea: Barite formation and transport in the water column

Beek

Sternberg²,

Reyss³

et al. 2009

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Particulate barium stocks and oxygen consumption in the Southern Ocean mesopelagic water column during spring and early summer: relationship with export production

Cited by 83 publications

References 37 publications

Early spring mesopelagic carbon remineralization and transfer efficiency in the naturally iron-fertilized Kerguelen area

Early spring mesopelagic carbon remineralization and transfer efficiency in the naturally iron-fertilized Kerguelen area

Respiration in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones of the oceans

228Ra/226Ra and 226Ra/Ba ratios in the Western Mediterranean Sea: Barite formation and transport in the water column

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