Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project

Edgerton, Sylvia A.; Bian, Xindi; Doran, J. C.; Fast, Jerome D.; Hubbe, J. M.; Malone, Elizabeth L.; Shaw, W. J.; Whiteman, C. David; Zhong, Shiyuan; Arriaga, Josep Lluís del Olmo; Ortíz, Ernesto; Ruiz, M. E.; Sosa, G.; Vega, Elizabeth; Limon, T; Guzmán, Francisco; Archuleta, J.; Bossert, J.E.; Elliot, Scott M.; Lee, J T; McNair, Laurie A.; Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.; Coulter, R. L.; Doskey, Paul V.; Gaffney, J. S.; Marley, N. A.; Neff, W. D.; Petty, Rebecca

doi:10.1080/10473289.1999.10463915

Cited by 133 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Consistent (r = 0.95) and linear relationships (SO 4 2-vs. S slope = 2.98 ± 0.08, intercept = -0.07 ± 0.17 µg/m 3 ) were found between water-soluble SO 4 2-and total S measurements, indicating that most S was of secondary origin and was probably neutralized by NH 3 . SO 4 2-was estimated from S measurements at the 12 sites with the single-filter-pack sampling configuration. The stoichiometric ratios of NH 4 , SO 4 2-, and NO 3 -were used to calculate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 concentrations.…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Pm 10 Componentsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Figure 4 shows that S concentrations in the city center and northern portion were ~10% higher than in other areas, with higher concentration gradients found around the Xalostoc site. Secondary SO 4 2-that forms in the atmosphere was more homogeneously distributed throughout the area than were the primary emissions from dust and vehicle exhaust. Spatial correlations of NH 3 were high (r > 0.8) for sites surrounding the La Merced site (G12, G17, G20, G21, G22, G23, G25, G26, and G27).…”

Section: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2 To understand the distribution of PM 10 mass and chemical compositions in the Valle de Mexico, a spatially dense monitoring network was operated from February 23 to March 22, 1997, as part of the Investigación sobre Materia Particulada y Deterioro Atmosférico-Aerosol and Visibility Evaluation Research (IMADA-AVER). 3,4 The objectives of this paper are to (1) examine the nature, causes, and variability of elevated PM 10 concentrations; (2) determine the zones of influence of fugitive dust and other emitters on PM 10 concentrations; and (3) evaluate the zones of representation of fixed site measurements for community exposure to PM 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM₁₀ Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City

Chow

Watson

Edgerton

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Twenty-five MiniVol samplers were operated throughout the Mexico City metropolitan region from February 22 through March 22, 1997, to evaluate the variability of PM 10 concentrations and composition. The highest PM 10 concentrations were found in neighborhoods with unpaved or dirty roads, and elements related to crustal material were the main cause of differences from nearby (<200 m) monitors that were not adjacent to the roadbed. SO 4 2-concentrations were homogeneous across the city. SO 4 2-measured at the city boundaries was about two-thirds of the concentrations measured within the urbanized area, indicating that most SO 4 2-is of regional origin. Elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) concentrations were highly variable, with higher concentrations in areas that had high diesel traffic and older vehicles. Spatial correlations among PM 10 concentrations were high, even though absolute concentrations were variable, indicating a common effect of meteorology on the concentration or dispersion of local emissions.

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Section: Spatial Patterns Of Pm 10 Componentsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM₁₀ Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City

Chow

Watson

Edgerton

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Schwartz 8 examined daily deaths and hospital admissions in Chicago for 1988-1993 and found that PM less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ) was associated with increased daily deaths and hospital admissions. Fine particulate measurement and source apportionment have been studied throughout the world, including in Australia, 9 Chile, 10 Mexico, 11 and central Europe. 12 The proportion of smaller particles is especially important in the estimation of health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside Particulate Air Pollution in Bangkok

Jinsart

Tamura

Loetkamonwit

et al. 2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Airborne fine particles of PM 2.5-10 and PM 2.5 in Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Ayutthaya were measured from December 22, 1998, to March 26, 1999, and from November 30, 1999, to December 2, 1999. Almost all the PM 10 values in the high-polluted (H) area exceeded the Thailand National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 120 µg/m 3 . The low-polluted (L) area showed low PM 10 (34-74 µg/m 3 in the daytime and 54-89 µg/m 3 at night). PM 2.5 in the H area varied between 82 and 143 µg/m 3 in the daytime and between 45 and 146 µg/m 3 at night. In the L area, PM 2.5 was quite low both day and night and varied between 24 and 54 µg/m 3 , lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard (65 µg/m 3 ). The personal exposure results showed a significantly higher proportion of PM 2.5 to PM 10 in the H area than in the L area (H = 0.80 ± 0.08 and L = 0.65 ± 0.04).Roadside PM 10 was measured simultaneously with the Thailand Pollution Control Department (PCD) monitoring station at the same site and at the intersections where police work. The result from dual simultaneous measurements of PM 10 showed a good correlation (correlation coefficient: r = 0.93); however, PM levels near the roadside at the intersections were higher than the concentrations at the monitoring station. The relationship between ambient PM level and actual personal exposures was examined. Correlation coefficients between the general ambient outdoors and personal exposure levels were 0.92 for both PM 2.5 and PM 10 .Bangkok air quality data for 1997-2000, including 24-hr average PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 , and O 3 from eight PCD monitoring stations, were analyzed and validated. The annual arithmetic mean PM 10 of the PCD data at the roadside monitoring stations for the last 3 years decreased from 130 to 73 µg/m 3 , whereas the corresponding levels at the general monitoring stations decreased from 90 to 49 µg/m 3 . The proportion of days when the level of the 24-hr average PM 10 exceeded the NAAQS was between 13 and 26% at roadside stations. PCD data showed PM 10 was well correlated with NO 2 but not with SO 2 , suggesting that automobile exhaust is the main source of the particulate air pollution. The results obtained from the simultaneous measurement of PM 2.5 and PM 10 indicate the potential environmental health hazard of fine particles. In conclusion, Bangkok traffic police were exposed to high levels of automobilederived particulate air pollution. . The PM 2.5 to PM 10 ratio was ~80%, suggesting a high contribution of automobile exhaust. Roadside PCD monitoring station data showed 24-hr average PM 10 exceeded the NAAQS on 13-26% of days per year. These results suggest that Bangkok traffic police were exposed to high levels of automobile-derived particulate. Evaluation of the health effects of the particulate air pollution is recommended. Roadside Particulate Air Pollution in Bangkok Jinsart et al.

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“…The first of these was the Mexico City Air Quality Research ]. The IMADA program obtained improved data on the spatial patterns of aerosols in Mexico City [Edgerton et al 1999] and improved spatial information on the evolution of vertical wind and temperature structure in the Mexico Basin. Fast and Zhong [1998] used data from this experiment to link boundary layer circulation patterns to the observed spatial ozone distribution patterns in the basin by studying seven pollution episodes during the IMADA-AVER experiment using a high-resolution mesoscale meteorological model and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary layer evolution and regional‐scale diurnal circulations over the and Mexican plateau

Whiteman¹,

Zhong²,

Bian³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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106

100

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Abstract. Data collected in a measurement campaign in February and March 1997 showed that the Mexico Basin (also called the Valley of Mexico), located atop the Mexican plateau, fails to develop the strong nocturnal inversions usually associated with basins and does not exhibit diurnally reversing valley wind systems. Data analyses, two-and three-dimensional numerical simulations with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model are used to interpret these observations and to examine the effects of topography and regional diurnal circulations on boundary layer evolution over the Mexico Basin and its surroundings during fair weather periods in the winter dry season. We show that the boundary layer evolution in and above the basin is driven primarily by regional diurnal circulations that develop between the air above the Mexican Plateau and the generally cooler surrounding coastal areas. A convective boundary layer (CBL) grows explosively over the plateau in the late morning to reach elevations of 2250 m agl (4500 rn rnsl) by noon, and a strong baroclinic zone forms on the edges of the plateau separating the warm CBL air from its cooler surroundings. In early afternoon the rates of heating and CBL growth are slowed as cool air leaks onto the plateau and into the basin through passes and over low-lying plateau edges. The flow onto the plateau is retarded, however, by the strongly rising branch of a plain-plateau circulation at the plateau edges, especially where mountains or steep slopes are present. An unusually rapid and deep cooling of the air above the plateau begins in late afternoon and early evening when the surface energy budget reverses, the CBL decays, and air accelerates onto the plateau through the baroclinic zone. Flow convergence near the basin floor and the associated rising motions over the basin and plateau produce cooling in 3 hours that is equivalent to half the daytime heating. While the air that converges onto the plateau comes from elevations at and above the plateau, it is air that was modified earlier in the day by a cool, moist coastal inflow carried up the plateau slopes by the plainplateau circulation.

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Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project

Cited by 133 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM₁₀ Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City

Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM₁₀ Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City

Roadside Particulate Air Pollution in Bangkok

Boundary layer evolution and regional‐scale diurnal circulations over the and Mexican plateau

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Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project

Cited by 133 publications

References 7 publications

Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM10 Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City

Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM10 Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City

Roadside Particulate Air Pollution in Bangkok

Boundary layer evolution and regional‐scale diurnal circulations over the and Mexican plateau

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM₁₀ Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City

Spatial Differences in Outdoor PM₁₀ Mass and Aerosol Composition in Mexico City