“…Much of the existing work in this field, including my own (Persson et al . forthcoming), focuses on how pharmaceutical citizenship and its allied discourse of ‘normalisation’ can be constrained by social and structural factors, especially in less developed settings, and how it can be transformative in ways that do not always empower, but instead differentiate, exclude and, indeed, marginalise people even further (Biehl , , Davis and Squire , Ecks and Sax , Nguyen ). Less attention has been given to what can manifest when pharmaceutical citizenship ‘works’, when it actually succeeds in transforming and demarginalising lives in some way.…”