Particles in the Indoor Environment

Time-use in different rooms of selected New Zealand houses and the influence of plan layout

“…This study recommends using wearable technologies as a means of collecting data about where people are in the home during occupancy and linking this to measuring PM levels at home indoors. 3 Another study by Fromme 20 in Germany also shows that occupant activities such as cleaning, walking, running and children playing can significantly increase PM levels at home indoors. This clearly shows that room occupancy time is not only important in terms of exposure to indoor pollutants but also because of producing more PM through indoor activities.…”

“…29 in a 48-h continuous measurement of PM 2.5 in Australian houses found frying, grilling, candle burning and smoking were responsible for the highest levels of indoor PM 2.5 concentrations. Studies by Fromme 20 in Germany also showed that fine and ultrafine particles are released during cooking activities at home indoors. These studies clearly show the important role of the kitchen as the location of a significant part of indoor pollutants.…”

“…Studies with a focus on features, quantity and sources of indoor pollutants and particular matters have shown that smoking 2,20,28-30 and cooking 2,3,16,17,20,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33] are the most important sources of indoor pollutants in residential environments so 'in a non-smoking household, cooking is often the major source of pollutants'. 32 While smoking can happen anywhere in a house, cooking activities usually happen in a kitchen.…”

“…The indoor home environment is important because it could also be easily affected by outdoor pollutants 3,16,20 which, depending on the level of air-tightness, can migrate indoors. 21 At the same time, the indoor home environment could be affected by indoor pollutants both due to emissions from installed materials 22 and intermittent activities (e.g.…”

Feinstaubbelastung und Lebenserwartung in Deutschland

“…1 Nach einer australischen Studie (Morawska et al, 2001) beträgt die Relation von Außen-zu Innenbelastung unabhängig vom Lüftungsverhalten etwa eins zu eins. Dies ist insofern von Bedeutung, als die Bevölkerung in hochentwickelten Volkswirtschaften mehr als 90 % des Tages innerhalb von Gebäuden verbringt (Fromme, 2012). Des Weiteren wäre eine Differenzierung der biologischen Effekte des Feinstaubs von den verhaltensbedingten Effekten erforderlich (Graff Zivi und Neidell, 2013).…”