Particles in the atmosphere: A review

Davies, Catherine

doi:10.1016/0021-8502(87)90062-0

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The SAGE I and SAM II data verify that the aerosol causing this increase is surface derived, in these two seasons at least, and that its average mixing ratio is nearly constant up to the tropopause. The well-known sources of aerosol in the northern hemisphere are industrial pollution and mineral dust [Kellogg, 1980;Davies, 1987] The long-range transport of such surface-derived pollution appears to remain within middle and high northern latitudes in accordance with the satellite occultation observations. More direct identification is difficult without the examination of specific experiments, in which in situ measurements are made at the location of a particular satellite observation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Aerosol characteristics, determined by these and other experiments, have been the subject of several review articles [Jaenicke, 1980;Prospero et al, 1983;Davies, 1987]. The most general characteristic of the aerosol, apart from that in the marine boundary layer, is its association with continental sources, both natural and anthropogenic, and its ability to travel long distances over the ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remote optical measurements have also emphasized the more prominent aerosol features, particularly those at lower altitudes; lidar has been used to study long-distance dust transport [Talbot et al, 1986] and aerosols from biomass buming [Browell et al, 1988]. Satellite imagery has been used to study the long-range transport of pollutants and dust [Lyons, 1980; Takayama and Takashima, 1986] but lacks vertical resolution; surface sampling measurements [Whelpdale et al, 1988; Suzuki and Tsunogai, 1988] give similar information on transport, with emphasis on temporal rather than geographic characteristics.Aerosol characteristics, determined by these and other experiments, have been the subject of several review articles [Jaenicke, 1980;Prospero et al, 1983;Davies, 1987]. The most general characteristic of the aerosol, apart from that in the marine boundary layer, is its association with continental sources, both natural and anthropogenic, and its ability to travel long distances over the ocean.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Global optical climatology of the free tropospheric aerosol from 1.0‐μm satellite occultation measurements

Kent¹,

McCormick²,

Schaffner³

1991

J. Geophys. Res.

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Measurements of the aerosol/molecular extinction ratio at l‐μm wavelength, obtained from the SAGE I, SAGE II, and SAM II solar occultation satellite experiments between 1978 and 1986, have been used to study the global‐scale behavior of the upper tropospheric aerosol. The distribution of extinction ratio values shows a pronounced mode between about 0.5 and 5 in all data subsets, regardless of latitude and season. Within a given latitude band and season the mode value is nearly constant over the altitude range from about 5 km above Earth's surface to 3 km below the tropopause. The mode shows a distinct seasonal variation, with maxima in local spring and summer, and is significantly enhanced following volcanic injection of material into the stratosphere. South of latitude 20°N, mode values in the absence of volcanic contamination are normally between 0.5 and 1.0. North of 20°N, values up to about 5 are observed, probably associated with aerosol derived from surface dust or anthropogenic sources. A secondary mode, with extinction ratios of 30 or greater and little or no variation of extinction with wavelength, is apparent just below the tropopause. This mode is believed to be associated with thin cloud along the ray path from the Sun to the satellite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global optical climatology of the free tropospheric aerosol from 1.0‐μm satellite occultation measurements

Kent¹,

McCormick²,

Schaffner³

1991

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…In addition, the relevant literature shows us that particles present in the atmosphere are not spherical with multiform dimensions and that their related characteristics and motion trajectories are significantly different from spherical particles [17,18]. Particulate matter can act as a porous medium to allow some of its gases or organisms to adsorb and adhere to its surface, which results in structural changes [19][20][21][22], such as the adherence of fly ash particles to gas molecules [19], HCl gas adhering to fly ash particles [20], graphene-like nanosheets adsorbing gas molecules [21], and chemical reactions of VOCs or SVOCs occurring at the surface or in the bulk of aerosol or cloud particles [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Fractal Characteristics of Outdoor Particles in High-Rise Buildings Based on Fractal Theory

Liu,

Yu,

Leng

et al. 2023

Fractal Fract

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It is of great significance to understand the particle distribution characteristics at different heights to effectively control particle pollution. Based on fractal theory, the fractal dimension of outdoor particles in a high-rise building in Xi’an and its relationship with the concentration of particles with different particle sizes are discussed and analyzed in this paper. The results indicate that the atmosphere in Xi’an is mainly composed of fine particles and that the average proportion of particles ranging from 0 to 1.0 µm is approximately 99.885% of the total particulates. The fractal dimension of particles in the atmosphere at different heights ranges from 5.014 to 5.764, with an average fractal dimension of 5.456. In summer, the fractal dimension of the outdoor particles on the 17th floor was the largest, at 5.764. The fractal dimension in summer is relatively high, being 0.158 higher than that in winter on average. The larger the fractal dimension, the higher the proportion of fine particles. In addition, the fractal dimension can characterize the adsorption of toxic and harmful gases by particles well. It provides parameter support for understanding particle distribution and the effective control of atmospheric particles at different heights and application values.

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“…The effect of clouds also is on the quantity the solar energy that reaches the earth and the amount of infrared radiation that leaves the earth because the cloud has a base and a top so the determination of this quantity depends on the type and cover of clouds (Groisman et al, 2000, Burls andFedorov, 2014). The second factor suspended materials plays an important role in the physical processes that occurs in the atmosphere, either directly through many processes of scattering, reflection and absorption solar radiation (Charlson et al, 1992;Ogren et al, 2006) and plays key roles in the earth's climate (Hobbs, 1993), or indirectly through its work nuclei to condense water vapor and then form clouds droplets (Davies, 1987;Ramanathan et al, 2001). The third factor is the most gases in the atmosphere play an important role in the absorption and emission of radiation and affect the radiation balance of the climate system (Petty, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Absorbance and Emissivity Solar Radiation by Clouds, Aerosols and Some Atmospheric Gases

Abbood

Al-Taai

2018

jaar

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The atmosphere consists of a quantity of clouds, aerosols, and gases. The solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface depends on this quantity. The amounts of solar radiation at the earth's surface are lower than the amounts of solar radiation reaching the upper surface of the atmosphere. The aim of this research is the study of absorbance and emissivity solar radiation by cloud, aerosols and methane gas. Data were taken by Top Solar Radiation (TSR), Surface Solar Radiation (SSR), Surface Thermal Radiation (STR), Surface Thermal Radiation Downward (STRD), Top Thermal Radiation (TTR), Albedo (AL), Total Cloud Cover (TCC), Aerosols Optical Depth at wavelength550nm (AOD550nm) and Methane (CH4) from satellites recorded by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) the choice of year is 2016 in Baghdad city (33.375°N-44.375°E). Where we studied the short and long-wave solar radiation and its relationship with a cloud, aerosol and methane gas during the hourly mean at the times 00:00 am-12:00 pm and a cycle in temperature variation. The results showed that at the time 00:00 am was inverse correlation coefficient highest was -0.9 and their positive correlation coefficient highest was 0.6 with CH4. where represent very high correlation then followed and clouds and aerosols. Absorption, emission, and albedo by clouds, aerosols, and gases depend on the quantity, abundance, composition, location, distribution, meteorological parameters and wavelength of each air component, as well as on the strength of the solar and the thermal radiation at the times 00:00 am-12:00 pm.

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Particles in the atmosphere: A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Global optical climatology of the free tropospheric aerosol from 1.0‐μm satellite occultation measurements

Global optical climatology of the free tropospheric aerosol from 1.0‐μm satellite occultation measurements

Distribution and Fractal Characteristics of Outdoor Particles in High-Rise Buildings Based on Fractal Theory

Study of Absorbance and Emissivity Solar Radiation by Clouds, Aerosols and Some Atmospheric Gases

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