Particle transport in lakes: Models and measurements

Weilenmann, Ulrich; O’Melia, Charles R.; Stumm, Werner

doi:10.4319/lo.1989.34.1.0001

Cited by 169 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Particle aggregation is a ubiquitous phenomenon (Weilenmann et al 1989), which complicates the light-scattering effects of the involved particles (Boss et al 2009b). This effect is much more prominent in the high-divalent-cationconcentration environments of marine waters, particularly in coastal waters (Bowers et al 2011;Hill et al 2011;Neukermans et al 2012), compared with the much lower divalent cation levels of freshwaters (Peng and Effler 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term study of minerogenic particle optics in Cayuga Lake, New York

Effler

Peng

2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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The dynamics of light scattering by minerogenic particles in the upper waters of Cayuga Lake, New York, were characterized for the spring-autumn interval of 8 yr (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) at pelagic and nearshore sites with a scanning electron microscope interfaced with automated image and x-ray analyses (SAX). SAX results were used to estimate the minerogenic scattering coefficient ( Light scattering by particles, a fundamental process regulating radiative transfer in water (Kirk 2011), is important in determining apparent optical properties (AOPs, depend on geometry of the light field) of interest, including clarity (Preisendorfer 1986) and the remote sensing signal (Woźniak and Stramski 2004). The total scattering coefficient (b; m 21 ), corresponding to the integration of the volume-scattering function over all directions (Kirk 2011), quantifies a central feature of the light-scattering regime. b is an inherent optical property, independent of the geometry of the light field. The magnitude and spectral features of the particulate component of scattering, b p (which greatly exceeds that due to water), depend on multiple attributes of a particle population, including the number concentration (N), the particle size distribution (PSD), the composition of the individual particles and their shapes (Babin et al. 2003).The particle populations of aquatic ecosystems are heterogeneous, varying in time and space and differing greatly among systems in response to an array of drivers (Stramski et al. , 2007Peng and Effler 2011). Protocols for resolving the various components of light scattering are needed to understand these differences and dynamics, and to identify their origins and drivers, objectives that are consistent with the reductionist approach advocated by Stramski and co-workers (Stramski et al. 2001(Stramski et al. , 2007 where V is the sample volume, N m is the number of minerogenic particles in a sampled volume of water, and PA m,i is the projected area (m 2 ) of minerogenic particle i. Q bm,i depends on the complex refractive index (m i , function of composition) and size (d i ) of the particle, and the wavelength of light (l). This SAX-Mie approach supports further partitioning of b m into contributions according to size and particularly composition (e.g., clay minerals, quartz, and calcite) of particles Effler 2010, 2011). Early research with the SAX-Mie approach had appropriately focused first on testing the credibility of the forward estimates of b m for a range of particle assemblage conditions (see

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term study of minerogenic particle optics in Cayuga Lake, New York

Effler

Peng

2014

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Studies of the POM sinking flux with regard to its size distribution in lakes have shown that, as in marine systems, larger particles contribute more to the sinking flux than smaller ones (Stabel 1985, Bloesch & Burgi 1989, Weilenmann et al 1989. Aggregation increases particle size and thus settling velocity, accelerates particle removal, and reduces particle concentrations in the water column (Eisma 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of limnetic organic aggregates (lake snow) for the sinking flux of particulate organic matter in a large lake

Grossart¹,

Simon²

1998

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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ABSTRACT. The abundance, composition and bacterial colonization of macroscopic organic aggregates (lake snow) were studied from March until November 1993 in Lake Constance, Germany. In addition, the concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC) and the amount, composition, and bacterial colonization of particulate matter (PM) collected in a sediment trap deployed at 50 m were investigated. The seasonal and vertical dynamics of lake snow and of sinking PM were closely linked to those of phytoplankton blooms in spring, summer, and fall and to sedimentation losses of zooplankton during the clear-water phase. POC in lake snow comprised between 0.15 and 28%) of total POC in the surrounding water. On the other hand, sinking losses of POC bound in lake snow as estimated from the abundance, POC content and potential sinking rates of lake snow comprised much higher percentages, indicating the significance of these aggregates for the POC sinking flux. Particulate combined amino acids comprised 8 to 51 '!6 of lake snow POC and were turned over in <20 h as determined from high rates of aminopeptidase activity. A rapid release of dissolved amino acids from sediment trap material into the surrounding water was shown experimentally indicating that the rapid POM decomposition in the aphotic zone leads to a supply of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to planktonic bacteria at this depth. However, In the same type of experiments we found that dissolved amino acids were taken up by the bacteria associated with the settled matenal when it was deprived of labile organic substrates. This finding complicates the l-way concept of bacterially mediated interactions between POM and DOM in aquatic environments.

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“…This 61% decrease in S was accompanied by a 65% decrease in [Ca 2ϩ ] . The high [Ca 2ϩ ] promoted coagulation (Weilenmann et al 1989) and thus increased deposition losses of particles (including phytoplankton) from the trophogenic layers . The downward flux of particulate organic carbon (POC df , g m…”

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confidence: 99%

Long‐term changes in the areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit (AHOD) of Onondaga Lake: Evidence of sediment feedback

Matthews

Effler

2006

Limnology & Oceanography

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Long-term trends in the rate of depletion of hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) are documented for ionically enriched hypereutrophic Onondaga Lake, New York, for the 1978-2002 interval. Depletion rates, represented as areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficits (AHOD, g m Ϫ2 d Ϫ1), are calculated on the basis of weekly DO profiles of 1-m resolution and estimates of coincident inputs of DO from overlying layers driven by vertical mixing. Vertical mixing inputs of DO are important in this system, representing from 15% to 37% (mean 25%) of AHOD. Interannual variations in hypolimnetic temperatures have comparatively minor (Ϯ6%) effects on AHOD. AHOD decreased 49%, from an average of 2.12 g m Ϫ2 d Ϫ1 for the 1978-1986 interval, to an average of 1.08 g m Ϫ2 d Ϫ1 for the 1997-2002 interval. This decrease was driven by an abrupt decrease in the deposition of particulate organic carbon into the hypolimnion starting in 1987. The magnitude of the decrease in AHOD closes reasonably well with decreases in both primary production in the trophogenic zone and organic carbon deposition to the tropholytic zone. The time course of the decrease in AHOD is consistent with localization of oxygen-demanding processes within the lake sediments, reflecting the progression of sediment diagenesis.

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Particle transport in lakes: Models and measurements

Cited by 169 publications

References 19 publications

Long‐term study of minerogenic particle optics in Cayuga Lake, New York

Long‐term study of minerogenic particle optics in Cayuga Lake, New York

Significance of limnetic organic aggregates (lake snow) for the sinking flux of particulate organic matter in a large lake

Long‐term changes in the areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit (AHOD) of Onondaga Lake: Evidence of sediment feedback

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