“…As an effective method, iterative wavefront shaping (WFS) is capable of manipulating the incident wavefront and compensate the wavefront distortion due to multiple scattering [1]. Over the years, various iterative algorithms have been reported to achieve light focusing after scattering media, such as genetic algorithm (GA) [2][3][4], particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm [5,6], simulated annealing (SA) algorithm [7,8] and ant colony (ACO) algorithm [9] . Furthermore, a set of hybrid [10,11] or improved strategies [12][13][14][15][16][17] have been proposed to enhance the optimization efficiency or the algorithm's adaptability to dynamic environment.…”