Particle sizing and biokinetics of interstitiallymphoscintigraphic agents

Bergqvist, Lennart; Strand, Sven Erik; Persson, Bertil

doi:10.1016/s0001-2998(83)80031-2

Cited by 166 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Stable 89 Zr-nanocolloidal albumin radiocolloid was produced using this method. The developed labeling conditions did not affect the particle size, an important parameter that mainly determines kinetics and lymphatic uptake of the radiocolloid (14). In addition, uptake of 89 Zr-nanocolloidal albumin in the draining lymph nodes as observed in PET and biodistribution experiments was fully consistent with 99m Tc-nanocolloidal albumin uptake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

⁸⁹Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results

Heuveling¹,

Visser²,

Baclayon³

et al. 2011

J Nucl Med

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Identifying sentinel nodes near the primary tumor remains a problem in, for example, head and neck cancer because of the limited resolution of current lymphoscintigraphic imaging when using 99m Tc-nanocolloidal albumin. This study describes the development and evaluation of a nanocolloidal albumin-based tracer specifically dedicated for high-resolution PET detection. Methods: 89 Zr was coupled to nanocolloidal albumin via the bifunctional chelate p-isothiocyanatobenzyldesferrioxamine B. Quality control tests, including particle size measurements, and in vivo biodistribution and imaging experiments in a rabbit lymphogenic metastasis model were performed. Results: Coupling of 89 Zr to nanocolloidal albumin appeared to be efficient, resulting in a stable product with a radiochemical purity greater than 95%, without affecting the particle size. PET showed distinguished uptake of 89 Zr-nanocolloidal albumin in the sentinel nodes, with visualization of lymphatic vessels, and with a biodistribution comparable to 99m Tc-nanocolloidal albumin. Conclusion: 89 Zr-nanocolloidal albumin is a promising tracer for sentinel node detection by PET.Key Words: sentinel node; PET/CT; 89 Zr; Nanocoll; head and neck cancer Thesent inel node (SN) procedure is applied in a variety of tumor types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (1,2). Although, in general, results in HNSCC are good, adequate detection of the SN in floor-ofmouth tumors, compared with other sites, appeared problematic, as illustrated by significantly lower sensitivity and negative predictive value (1). This is probably due to the short distance between the primary tumor and the first draining lymph nodes (SNs) in combination with the limited resolution of planar lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT. The injection site (around the primary tumor) produces a large focus of intense activity on planar lymphoscintigraphy, possibly hiding SNs near the primary tumor. As a result, second-echelon lymph nodes may erroneously be considered SNs; this is also true for SPECT: the added value of detecting foci hidden at planar scintigraphy may be offset by its lack of dynamic information with the typically fast kinetics of lymph drainage in HNSCC.PET provides dynamic 3-dimensional information at a higher spatial resolution than achievable with a g-camera.Theoretically, these characteristics may better differentiate between the first-and second-echelon nodes. To the best of our knowledge, no PET radiocolloids specifically dedicated to lymphatic mapping are clinically available yet. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate in a rabbit lymphogenic metastasis model a 89 Zr (half-life, 78 h)-nanocolloidal albumin (Nanocoll; GE Healthcare)-based PET radiocolloid dedicated to SN detection. Results were compared with 99m Tc-nanocolloidal albumin ( 99m Tc half-life, 6 h). MATERIALS AND METHODSPreparation of 89 Zr-and 99m Tc-Nanocolloidal Albumin A 0.5-mg kit for the labeling of colloidal human serum albumin with 99m Tc was premodified with p-isothiocyanatobenzyldesferriox...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

⁸⁹Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results

Heuveling¹,

Visser²,

Baclayon³

et al. 2011

J Nucl Med

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“…20 A study using colloidal particles assumed 2 pathways by which particles are incorporated into the lymphatics-theˆrst involving the passive transport of particles along extracellular interstitial ‰uid channels directly into the initial lymphatics, and the other involving phagocytosis of particles by phagocytes, such as dendritic cells or macrophages, which then migrate into the initial lymphatics and carry the particles via the intracellular active pathways along the lymphatics into the lymph nodes. 15 These transport patterns of particles into lymphatics are also known to depend upon particle size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Contrast in Mouse Lymph Nodes with Subcutaneous Administration of Iron Oxide Particles: Size Dependency

et al. 2011

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Purpose: We investigated the spatiotemporal changes in signal in draining lymph nodes of mice to ascertain the size-dependent eŠects of variously sized particles of iron oxide used to enhance magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography.Materials and Methods: We injected iron oxide particles of 50-, 100-, 200-, or 1,000-nm diameter into the footpads of individual mice and obtained sequential MR images of the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes with 11.7 tesla up to 6 weeks after particle administration.Results: Up to 30 min after administration of particles smaller than 100 nm, we observed a marked reduction in signal in the popliteal node that spread from the periphery atˆrst observation toward the center of the node in subsequent measurements and persisted up to 6 weeks. In contrast, 1,000-nm particles caused dot-like areas of hypointensity in the popliteal lymph node, primarily in the inner portion, that appeared after 2 days. In the inguinal lymph nodes, signal changes occurred after 2 days for 50-and 100-nm particles and after one week for 1,000-nm particles. For 1,000-nm particles, areas of hypointensity were visible in the inner portion and not the periphery of the inguinal lymph node up to 6 weeks. In this study, we demonstrate the strong dependence of MR imaging contrast in draining lymph nodes on the size of the particle-shaped contrast agents injected subcutaneously. Particle size represented passive and active targeting eŠects, so micron-sized particles produced delayed enhancement.Conclusion: Choosing the size of iron oxide particles for MR imaging contrast depends on the objective of observation, such as identifying the morphology or migration of immune cells in the lymph node.

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“…The lymphatic endothelial cells that line the walls of the initial lymphatic capillaries overlap over a significant distance, and there is a 10-to 25-nanometer gap between the cells 10 through which material can enter the lumen of the lymphatic. Small-particle radiocolloids such as 99mTc antimony sulfide colloid (particle size, 5 to 15 nm), 1 nanocolloid of albumin labeled with 99mTc (particle size, 3 to 80 nm), 11 filtered 99mTc sulfur colloid (100 nanometer filter; particle size, 5 to 100 nm) 12 and 99mTc rhenium sulfide colloid (particle size, around 50 nm) 13 will all pass through this gap in adequate numbers under physiological conditions.…”

Section: Appropriate Radiocolloidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic drainage of the skin

Uren

2004

Annals of Surgical Oncology

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A successful sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in melanoma patients requires an accurate map of the pattern of lymphatic drainage from the primary site. Lymphoscintigraphy (LS) can provide such a map. LS needs an understanding of lymphatic physiology, an appropriate small-particle radiocolloid, high-resolution collimators, and imaging protocols that detect all sentinel nodes (SNs). Patterns of lymphatic drainage from the skin are not clinically predictable. Unexpected drainage has been found from the skin of the back to SNs in the triangular intermuscular space (TIS) and the paraaortic, paravertebral, and retroperitoneal areas. It can also occur from the base of the neck up to nodes in the occipital or upper cervical areas or from the scalp down to nodes at the neck base, bypassing many node groups. Upper limb drainage can be to SNs above the axilla. Interval nodes not uncommonly can be SNs, especially on the trunk. Lymphatic drainage may involve SNs in multiple nodal fields, and drainage across the midline of the body is quite common. Because micrometastatic disease can be present in any SN regardless of its location, all true SNs must be biopsied. LS is an important first step to ensure this goal is achieved.

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Particle sizing and biokinetics of interstitiallymphoscintigraphic agents

Cited by 166 publications

References 16 publications

⁸⁹Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results

⁸⁹Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results

MR Contrast in Mouse Lymph Nodes with Subcutaneous Administration of Iron Oxide Particles: Size Dependency

Lymphatic drainage of the skin

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Particle sizing and biokinetics of interstitiallymphoscintigraphic agents

Cited by 166 publications

References 16 publications

89Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results

89Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results

MR Contrast in Mouse Lymph Nodes with Subcutaneous Administration of Iron Oxide Particles: Size Dependency

Lymphatic drainage of the skin

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⁸⁹Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results

⁸⁹Zr-Nanocolloidal Albumin–Based PET/CT Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer: Preclinical Results