Particle size modification of curcumin in relation to its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profile

Abstract

Introduction:Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound that has a wide pharmacological activity, including anticancer, such as in ovarian and colorectal cancer. Curcumin has low bioavailability, due to its low absorption. Particle size is one factor that can affect the absorption process, Minimizing particle size can increase the solubility of a compound and transport across the membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the modification of particle size in pharmacokinetic profile of curcumin in plasma and its distribution in tissues. Methods: Nanocurcumin was produced from curcumin using top down method. Pharmacokinetic study was conducted using Sprague Dawley female mice, administered with single dose of curcumin and nanocurcumin of 500 mg/kgBW orally. Plasma sample were taken at 10, 15, 30, 45, 75, and 120 minutes after administration, while liver, kidney, colon and ovaries were taken at 180 minutes. Curcumin levels in plasma and tissues were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Results: Particle size of nanocurcumin obtained were less than 100 nm. Curcumin were detectable and measurable in plasma, liver, kidney, colon and ovaries in both curcumin and nanocurcumin groups. Overall, there were no significant difference of pharmacokinetic parameters between curcumin and nanocurcumin in plasma, liver, kidney and colon. However, concentrations of curcumin in the ovaries were 3 times higher in nanocurcumin groups. Conclusion:Particle size reduction of curcumin does not increase the amount of curcumin in plasma but increases the distribution of curcumin in ovarian organs.