Particle size and concentration dependent toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) on seed yield and antioxidant defense system in soil grown soybean (Glycine max cv. Kowsar)

Root System Architecture, Copper Uptake and Tissue Distribution in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Grown in Copper Oxide Nanoparticle (CuONP)-Amended Soil and Implications for Human Nutrition

“…In the present study, with reducing pH as Cu concentration increased in soil, a greater Cu uptake was associated with lower root growth ( Table 3 and Table 5 ), which could lead to decreased plant growth and yield in soybean plants [ 47 ]. Figure 5 B shows the pH changes for CuCl 2 -amended soil at different concentrations, which were similar to the pH changes documented for CuONPs ( Figure 5 A).…”

“…All CuONP samples have high negative charges with similar zeta potentials (about −52 mV), but with different hydrodynamic diameters (189.0 nm, 195.1 nm, and 915.6 nm). These analyses were part of our previous companion paper [ 47 ].…”

“…We employed the sol-gel method to synthesize three different sized CuONPs (25 nm, 50 nm, and 250 nm). The details of the synthesis protocol were reported previously by our group [ 47 ]. Crystallinity (phase formation, crystal structure, microstructure) and particle size distribution of the NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively.…”

“…We determined if the concentration–response curves were linear (monotonic) or nonlinear (nonmonotonic) by coupling visual inspection of the curves with a simple decision rule, as previously described in our companion paper (ref. [ 47 ]): based on the linear regression line, if the co-efficient of determination (R-squared) value is 65% or greater, the concentration–response curves were deemed linear, suggesting that the plant response changes linearly with the concentration applied following the relationship: y = ax + b, where y is dependent variable, x is independent variable, and a and b are model parameters. The R-squared values of the models are tabulated below.…”

Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Bacillus Subtilis: Characterization and Nutritive Significance for Promoting Plant Growth in Zea mays L

“… 47 Due to phytotoxicity, plant growth may be slow, decrease in plant hormones, change in transcriptional genes profile and decreased photosynthetic rate had been observed. 48 - 50 Yusefi-Tanha et al 51 found that small sized CuO nanoparticles (25 nm diameter) were more phytotoxic than large sized CuO nanoparticles (50 nm and 250 nm) to Soybean. Moreno-Olivas et al 52 reported that nanoparticles interaction with plant cell could lead to change in plant genes expression.…”