Particle simulation of lower hybrid wave propagation in fusion plasmas

Bao, Jian; Zhang, Lin; Kuley, Animesh; Lu, Zhixin

doi:10.1088/0741-3335/56/9/095020

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…17 The general geometry capability can also be readily used in conjunction with recent upgrades of GTC physics models for global simulations of macroscopic MHD instabilities excited by equilibrium current 18 and radio frequency waves in tokamaks. 19 In this work, we develop a numerical scheme based on B-splines to calculate the equilibrium quantities on the computational grids and to evaluate the field quantities at the particle's position. This new feature enables the use of the numerical magnetic equilibrium produced by MHD equilibrium codes such as EFIT, 20,21 VMEC, 22 and the transport code TRANSP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of microturbulence for general magnetic geometry and experimental profiles

et al. 2015

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Developments in gyrokinetic particle simulation enable the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) to simulate turbulent transport in tokamaks with realistic equilibrium profiles and plasma geometry, which is a critical step in the code-experiment validation process. These new developments include numerical equilibrium representation using B-splines, a new Poisson solver based on finite difference using field-aligned mesh and magnetic flux coordinates, a new zonal flow solver for general geometry, and improvements on the conventional four-point gyroaverage with nonuniform background marker loading. The gyrokinetic Poisson equation is solved in the perpendicular plane instead of the poloidal plane. Exploiting these new features, GTC is able to simulate a typical DIII-D discharge with experimental magnetic geometry and profiles. The simulated turbulent heat diffusivity and its radial profile show good agreement with other gyrokinetic codes. The newly developed nonuniform loading method provides a modified radial transport profile to that of the conventional uniform loading method. V

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of microturbulence for general magnetic geometry and experimental profiles

et al. 2015

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“…However, nonlinear RF simulation capability is unavailable for the toroidal geometry before our earlier work, in which we developed the electrostatic particle simulation of LH wave propagation in tokamaks. 19,20 In this work, we further extend the electrostatic particle model to a fully nonlinear electromagnetic particle model, which has been successfully implemented into the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC). 21 The electromagnetic dispersion relation and the nonlinear particle trapping of the LH waves have been verified by using current particle model.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlinear electromagnetic formulation for particle-in-cell simulation of lower hybrid waves in toroidal geometry

et al. 2016

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Electromagnetic particle simulation model has been formulated and verified for nonlinear processes of lower hybrid (LH) waves in fusion plasmas. Electron dynamics is described by the drift kinetic equation using either kinetic momentum or canonical momentum. Ion dynamics is treated as the fluid system or by the Vlasov equation. Compressible magnetic perturbation is retained to simulate both the fast and slow LH waves. Numerical properties are greatly improved by using electron continuity equation to enforce consistency between electrostatic potential and vector potential, and by using the importance sampling technique. The simulation model has been implemented in the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC), and verified for the dispersion relation and nonlinear particle trapping of the electromagnetic LH waves.

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“…Another widely used and successful tool, the gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) has undergone continuous development for the past two decades and has been applied to the study of plasma transport in the core region 17 . GTC is a well-benchmarked, first-principles code which has been extensively applied to the investigation of neoclassical transport 18,19 , microturbulence [20][21][22][23][24][25] , mesoscale Alfvén eigenmodes [25][26][27] excited by energetic particles, macroscopic MHD modes [28][29][30] (kink and tearing modes) and radio frequency (RF) waves [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] in the core region. However, the assumptions used in studying turbulence in the core region may not be valid in the SOL region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic particle simulations in a global toroidal geometry

Singh

Kuley

et al. 2019

Physics of Plasmas

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The gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) has been upgraded for global simulations by coupling the core and scrapeoff layer (SOL) regions across the separatrix with field-aligned particle-grid interpolations. A fully kinetic particle pusher for high frequency waves (ion cyclotron frequency and beyond) and a guiding center pusher for low frequency waves have been implemented using cylindrical coordinates in a global toroidal geometry. The two integrators correctly capture the particle orbits and agree well with each other, conserving energy and canonical angular momentum. As a verification and application of this new capability, ion guiding center simulations have been carried out to study ion orbit losses at the edge of the DIII-D tokamak for single null magnetic separatrix discharges. The ion loss conditions are examined as a function of the pitch angle for cases without and with an electric field. The simulations show good agreement with past theoretical results and with experimentally observed feature in which high energy ions flow out along the ion drift orbits and then hit the divertor plates. A measure of the ion direct orbit loss fraction shows that the loss fraction increases with the ion energy for DIII-D in the initial velocity space. Finally, as a further verification of the capability of the new code, self-consistent simulations of zonal flows in the core region of the DIII-D tokamak were carried out.

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Particle simulation of lower hybrid wave propagation in fusion plasmas

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of microturbulence for general magnetic geometry and experimental profiles

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of microturbulence for general magnetic geometry and experimental profiles

Nonlinear electromagnetic formulation for particle-in-cell simulation of lower hybrid waves in toroidal geometry

Kinetic particle simulations in a global toroidal geometry

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