Particle Separation and Hydrologic Control by Cementitious Permeable Pavement

Abstract

Cementitious permeable pavement (CPP) has the potential to provide in situ particulate, chemistry, and hydrologic control for storm water. The specific aspects of this control that have been the subject of significant interest and discussion are filtration, hydrologic control, and the potential for clogging. This study investigated the behavior of CPP subject to particle loadings for a constant particle size gradation, a sandy silt gradation. Recovered from an 1-75 Cincinnati, Ohio, site subject to runoff loadings, these CPP specimens had similar pore size distributions and effective porosities. The total mass removal efficiencies for the particles were significant, ranging from nearly total removal for medium and coarse sands to greater than 60% removal for fine silt-size particles. With an engineered surface matrix, total phosphorus reductions exceeded 80%. The commensurate turbidity reductions were significant, and the turbidity of the effluent was generally reduced from 50% to 90% of the influent values. In situ hydrologic restoration was significant, generating peak flow reductions and storage within the pore space that represented approximately 25% of the CPP volume, and the temporal aspects of the influent hydrograph were attenuated compared with that for conventional impervious pavement. The initial hydraulic conductivity was in the range of 10(-2) cm/s and followed a first-order exponential decline, and restoration of this hydraulic conductivity required some form of pavement cleaning approximately once every 6-month period. Cleaning by pavement vacuuming restored more than 95% of the initial hydraulic conductivity

Coupled infiltration and filtration behaviours of concrete porous pavement for stormwater management

“…SSC measurement follows the ASTM D3977‐97 Standard Test Methods for Determining Sediment Concentration in Water Samples (ASTM, ). Particle removal efficiency has been usually calculated as the ration of SSC in influent [ m ] i and effluent [ m ] e (Sansalone et al ., ; Kuang et al ., , ; Fach et al ., ): …”

“…At the same time, CPP functions as a filter which strains and removes particles from runoff (Bäckström and Bergström, ; Kuang et al ., , (1); Sansalone et al ., ). When more and more particles are strained on CPP surface, the pore structure is able to remove finer particles in a higher capacity (Kuang et al ., 2007b; Niemczynowicz and Hogland, ; Sansalone et al ., , ).…”

“…Cementitious porous pavement (CPP) is a structural low‐impact development material for rainfall–runoff management. CPP is an available and effective approach to mitigate these problems through gravitational drainage, capillary movement, infiltration and filtration mechanisms (Isenring et al ., ; Jimenez and Perez, ; Fach et al ., ; Jackson and Ragan, ; Kuang et al ., , (1); Kuang and Sansalone,; Sansalone et al ., ). A variety of in situ structural best management practices or unit operations and processes have been developed for stormwater quality and quantity control through infiltration/filtration and some degree of exfiltration (Colandini et al ., ; Hogland et al ., ; Kuang et al ., , (2), ; Sansalone et al ., ).…”

“…At the same time, CPP functions as a filter which strains and removes particles from runoff (Bäckström and Bergström, 2000;Kuang et al, 2007a, b (1); Sansalone et al, 2006). When more and more particles are strained on CPP surface, the pore structure is able to remove finer particles in a higher capacity (Kuang et al, 2007b;Niemczynowicz and Hogland, 1987;Sansalone et al, 2004Sansalone et al, , 2006. The mechanism of filtration removes not only sandy and silt particles from runoff but also nutrients, heavy metals and other pollutants associated with those particles (Pagotto et al, 2000;Sansalone et al, 2006;.…”

“…Experimental setup for filtration and infiltration measurements. Both influent and effluent samples were taken every 60 min to test infiltration rate, SSC and turbidity (t)(Kuang et al, 2007b) Influent particle size gradation. The particle size loading is a sandy silt and represents a commonly measured in urban drainage(Sansalone et al, 1998;Dickenson and Sansalone, 2009) …”