Particle reactors for solar thermochemical processes

Kodama, Tetsuya; Bellan, Selvan; Gokon, Nobuyuki; Cho, Hyun‐Seok

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.084

Cited by 80 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…This last aspect is calling for further efforts in a proper design of multiphase chemical reactors. As matter of fact, the development of novel reactor concepts (Alonso and Romero, 2015;Kodama et al, 2017a;Zsembinszki et al, 2018;Arastoopour, 2019) that can be effectively coupled with CSP systems has been reported in the recent literature. Cyclonic, free-falling particles, fixed, fluidized and mobile beds, and rotary receivers/reactors in directly and indirectly irradiated configurations have been extensively taken into account for heating of particles and for chemical reactions appropriate to TCES and production of solar fuels (Marxer et al, 2015;Ho, 2016;Koepf et al, 2016;Davis et al, 2019a;Davis et al, 2019b;Davis et al, 2020).…”

Section: Fluidized Bed Solar Receivers and Reactors: Basic Design And Operational Features Particle Receivers And Fluidized Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

et al. 2021

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Thermal and thermochemical processes can be efficiently developed and carried out in fluidized beds, due to the unique properties of fluidized suspensions of solid particles and to the inherent flexibility of fluidized bed design and operation. Coupling fluidization with concentrated solar power is a stimulating cross-disciplinary field of investigation, with the related issues and opportunities to explore. In this review article the current and perspective applications of fluidized beds to collection, storage and exploitation of solar radiation are surveyed. Novel and “creative” designs of fluidized bed solar receivers/reactors are reported and critically discussed. The vast field of applications of solar-driven fluidized bed processes, from energy conversion with thermal energy storage, to solids looping for thermochemical energy storage, production of fuels, chemicals and materials, is explored with an eye at past and current developments and an outlook of future perspectives.

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Section: Fluidized Bed Solar Receivers and Reactors: Basic Design And Operational Features Particle Receivers And Fluidized Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

et al. 2021

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“…In the case of indirect heating, the solar radiation may be absorbed by the metal reactor wall, which then transfers the heat to the reactive material or catalyst by conduction. Alternatively, a heat exchanger-type reactor may be envisaged, in which a heating medium receives the solar radiation and transfers it to the reactor wall, which in turn heats the process fluid [5]. The latter solution has been proposed, for example, for the solar-driven steam reforming of fossil fuels in membrane reactors [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Generalities Of Solar Receiver/reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some reviews may be found in the literature summarizing the proposed reactor configurations for each application. For example, Kodama et al [5] reviewed particle reactors for solar two-step water splitting with metal oxides and solar gasification. On the other hand, it is often difficult to discern the reason for which one configuration is preferred over others or to understand the methodology that has been and can be followed to improve the design of solar receivers/reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Murmura

Annesini

2020

Processes

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Thermochemical hydrogen production is of great interest due to the potential for significantly reducing the dependence on fossil fuels as energy carriers. In a solar plant, the solar receiver is the unit in which solar energy is absorbed by a fluid and/or solid particles and converted into thermal energy. When the solar energy is used to drive a reaction, the receiver is also a reactor. The wide variety of thermochemical processes, and therefore of operating conditions, along with the technical requirements of coupling the receiver with the concentrating system have led to the development of numerous reactor configurations. The scope of this work is to identify general guidelines for the design of solar reactors/receivers. To do so, an overview is initially presented of solar receiver/reactor designs proposed in the literature for different applications. The main challenges of modeling these systems are then outlined. Finally, selected examples are discussed in greater detail to highlight the methodology through which the design of solar reactors can be optimized. It is found that the parameters most commonly employed to describe the performance of such a reactor are (i) energy conversion efficiency, (ii) energy losses associated with process irreversibilities, and (iii) thermo-mechanical stresses. The general choice of reactor design depends mainly on the type of reaction. The optimization procedure can then be carried out by acting on (i) the receiver shape and dimensions, (ii) the mode of reactant feed, and (iii) the particle morphology, in the case of solid reactants.

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“…In the second step, the reduced oxide reacts with water (exothermic reaction at lower temperature) to produce hydrogen and the initial oxide is recovered by oxidation. Cerium (IV) oxide, ceria, is an attractive metal oxide for water splitting because of its high melting point [10], high oxygen exchange capacities, fast oxygen-ion transport, high oxidation rates and no presence of phase transition irreversibility between oxidized oxide and non-stoichiometric partially reduced oxides [11]. The stoichiometric cycle of CeO 2 /Ce 2 O 3 was first demonstrated as a system for thermochemical cycles by Abanades et al [12], however that stoichiometric reduction of ceria requires very high temperatures (2000 • C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar-Driven Thermochemical Water-Splitting by Cerium Oxide: Determination of Operational Conditions in a Directly Irradiated Fixed Bed Reactor

2018

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Concentrated solar energy can be transformed into electricity, heat or even solar fuels, such as hydrogen, via thermochemical routes with high exergetic efficiency. In this work, a specific methodology and experimental setup are described, developed to assess the production of hydrogen by water splitting making use of commercial cerium oxide, ceria (CeO2), in a solarized reactor. A fixed bed reactor, directly irradiated by a 7 kWe high flux solar simulator (HFSS) was used. Released H2 and sample temperature levels were continuously monitored. Three tests were carried out consisting of three consecutive redox cycles each, with irradiances in the range of 1017–2034 kWm−2. It was necessary to achieve a compromise between sample temperatures (higher temperatures lead to higher reduction rates) and sample stability, since absorbed radiation can degrade a sample at lower temperature (1280–1480 °C) than in a conventional infrared oven (T > 2000 °C). Irradiating the surface of the sample with an irradiance of 2034 kWm−2 (270 W of total radiation power) during 9.5 min eventually degraded the sample, resulting in a conversion into stoichiometrically reduced oxide (Ce2O3) of 11%. A similar conversion was achieved (9.7%) after 2 min of irradiation at 270 W (100% of radiation), but without irreversibly damaging the sample.

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Particle reactors for solar thermochemical processes

Cited by 80 publications

References 107 publications

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Solar-Driven Thermochemical Water-Splitting by Cerium Oxide: Determination of Operational Conditions in a Directly Irradiated Fixed Bed Reactor

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