Particle production by planktonic ciliates1

Stoecker, Diane K.

doi:10.4319/lo.1984.29.5.0930

Cited by 85 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fenchel 1982;Stoecker 1984;Caron et al 1985), and these efficiencies accord with the relative detritus loss from microbial activity in this study. Additionally, it is known that ciliates and dinoflagellates produce distinct fecal particles (Elbrachter 1991;Stoecker 1984). However, these particles are much smaller than copepod fecal pellets and their sinking velocity is therefore lower.…”

Section: Source Of Pelletssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…A few studies have shown net assimilation efficiencies of 60-80% for nanoflagellates and ciliates (e.g. Fenchel 1982;Stoecker 1984;Caron et al 1985), and these efficiencies accord with the relative detritus loss from microbial activity in this study. Additionally, it is known that ciliates and dinoflagellates produce distinct fecal particles (Elbrachter 1991;Stoecker 1984).…”

Section: Source Of Pelletssupporting

confidence: 73%

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The origin of sedimenting detrital matter in a coastal system

Lundsgaard

Olesen

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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Total sedimentation and the fraction due to copepod fecal pellets were measured during the growth season (March–October 1989) in the southern Kattegat, Denmark. In this period the sedimentation of detritus made up 52 g C m−2, equal to 82% of the sedimenting matter from the euphotic zone, but fecal pellets (11 g C m−2) constituted only a minor fraction. The remaining detrital matter was produced by other heterotrophs than copepods. Published data on heterotrophic biomass and grazing obtained during the investigation in the Kattegat are reviewed in order to relate the sedimentation to processes in the pelagic system. Copepod defecation nearly equaled the sedimentation of fecal pellets, indicating that retention of this matter in the pelagic system was insignificant. A considerable fraction (10–24%) of the carbon flow processed by heterotrophic pico‐, nano‐, and microplankton was converted to detritus that was lost from the mixed system by sedimentation. The microbial food web is thus not an exclusively regenerating system.

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Section: Source Of Pelletssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Source Of Pelletssupporting

confidence: 73%

The origin of sedimenting detrital matter in a coastal system

Lundsgaard

Olesen

1997

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Protozoan zooplankters, however, lack a digestive tract, and their fecal particles are the same or smaller than food particles (Stoecker, 1984). Hence, metazoan zooplankters contribute to an acceleration, while protozoan zooplankters contribute to a reduction, of the loss of materials from the surface ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between fecal pellet volume and body size for major zooplankters of the Inland Sea of Japan

Uye

Kaname

1994

J Oceanogr

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Measurements of fecal pellet volume together with body length/body carbon weight were made for major zooplankters of the Inland Sea of Japan. The pellet volume was highly correlated with animal body size for copepods (10 species combined), a mysid (Neomysis japonica), a larvacean (Oikopleura dioica) and a pelagic shrimp (Acetes japonicus), and a specific equation was given for each group. A single equation could describe the composite relationship between pellet volume (PV, µm 3 ) and body carbon weight (C, µg) for copepods and N. japonica: logPV = 0.85logC + 4.56. Balanid nauplii, O. dioica and a doliolid Dolioletta gegenbauri produced pellets larger, but A. japonicus produced pellets smaller, than those by copepods and N. japonica of equivalent body carbon weight. In general, larger zooplankters produce larger fecal pellets. Hence, the size composition of the zooplankton community is an important parameter for the variation in the vertical flux of material via fecal pellets.

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“…The potential use of these phaeopigments to study feeding relationships began to attract attention during the 1960s (Currie 1962, Nemoto 1968) and was explored quantitatively in subsequent years (Shuman & Lorenzen 1975, Welschmeyer & Lorenzen 1985, Laws et al 1988. There is no doubt that phaeopigments are commonly produced by a wide variety of zooplankton, including copepods, euphausids, salps, and phagotrophic flagellates (Nemoto 1968, Jeffrey 1980, Stoecker 1984, Parslow et al 1986, Sherr et al 1986, Dryden & Wright 1987. The fecal material excreted by these organisms has a considerable range of sinking rates, from almost negligible values (Small et al 1987) to about 100 m d-' (Lorenzen et al 1983).…”

Section: School Of Ocean and Earth Science And Technology Contributiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability in chlorophyll a and phaeopigment concentrations during incubations in the absence of grazers

Taguchi¹,

Laws²,

Bidigare³

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Changes in chlorophyll a (chl a) and phaeopigment concentrations during 24 h incubations in water prefiltered through 2.0 pm Nuclepore filters were determined on a weekly basis over a period of 13 mo using water from Kaneohe Bay, a subtropical inlet in the Hawaiian Islands, USA. In bottles illuminated at a constant irradiance of 4.0 E m-' h-', both chl a and phaeopigment concentrations were consistently lower than initial values at the end of the incubations. Chl a concentrations declined at a lower rate in dark bottles than in light bottles. There was no evidence of a change in phaeopigment concentrations in dark bottles. There was no temporal pattern in the exponential decay rates of phaeopigments in light bottles over the course of the 13 mo study, the median value being 0.016 m2 E-' There was, however, evidence of a nonrandom temporal pattern in the chl a decay constants. Winter values were about twice as large as summer values, a result presumably reflecting changes in the physiology and/or species composition of the phytoplankton community. In about 30% of the incubations phaeopigment concentrations were higher than initial values at intermediate time points, in some cases by as much as a factor of 2 to 3 during the first 4 to 8 h of the incubations. These results are beheved to have been caused by stress associated with the effort to remove grazers by filtration. Inclusion of nanoplankton ( 2 to 10 pm) in the incubation bottles consistently resulted in a higher concentration of phaeopigments in the picoplankton fraction after 24 h than was the case in control bottles containing only picoplankton. In this study as in other work, prescreening through 10 pm filters appeared to be insufficient to eliminate grazing artifacts from phaeopigment photodegradation experiments. Dilution rather than filtration may be a more practical way to account for grazing effects in such studies.

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Particle production by planktonic ciliates1

Cited by 85 publications

References 21 publications

The origin of sedimenting detrital matter in a coastal system

The origin of sedimenting detrital matter in a coastal system

Relations between fecal pellet volume and body size for major zooplankters of the Inland Sea of Japan

Temporal variability in chlorophyll a and phaeopigment concentrations during incubations in the absence of grazers

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