Particle‐induced osteolysis is not accompanied by systemic remodeling but is reflected by systemic bone biomarkers

Abstract

Particle-induced osteolysis is caused by an imbalance in bone resorption and formation, often leading to loss of implant fixation. Bone remodeling biomarkers may be useful for identification of osteolysis and studying pathogenesis, but interpretation of biomarker data could be confounded if local osteolysis engenders systemic bone remodeling. Our goal was to determine if remote bone remodeling contributes to biomarker levels. Serum concentrations of eight biomarkers and bone remodeling rates at local (femur), contiguous (tibia), and remote (humerus and lumbar vertebra) sites were evaluated in a rat model of particle-induced osteolysis. Serum CTX-1, cathepsin K, PINP, and OPG were elevated and osteocalcin was suppressed in the osteolytic group, but RANKL, TRAP 5b, and sclerostin were not affected at the termination of the study at 12 weeks. The one marker tested longitudinally (CTX-1) was elevated by 3 weeks. We found increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation locally, subtle differences in contiguous sites, but no differences remotely at 12 weeks. Thus, the skeletal response to local particle challenge was not systemic, implying that the observed differences in serum biomarker levels reflect differences in local remodeling. ß

Are There Biological Markers for Wear or Corrosion? A Systematic Review

“…Indeed, the one longitudinal study included in this review showed that the bone resorption marker, CTX-1, was elevated early in patients undergoing TKA suspected to have loosened implants [17] and we recently also found that this marker was elevated early in a rat model [27]. A major challenge in longitudinal studies in patients is stratification into aseptic loosening/osteolysis and control groups, which can only occur long after initiation of the study because of the normal etiology of the disease.…”

“…A second limitation is that we did not include animal studies in which biomarkers of aseptic loosening/osteolysis were studied [14,18,21,27] because only two of these studies included stable and loosened implants [18,27]. These two studies showed dramatic increases in serum CTX-1, OPG, cathepsin K, and PINP and depression of serum OC.…”

PTH[1-34] improves the effects of core decompression in early-stage steroid-associated osteonecrosis model by enhancing bone repair and revascularization

“…Prior to storage at -80°C, blood was collected during euthanasia through the common iliac artery and centrifuged to separate serum at 2,000 rpm (425xg) for 5 min at 4°C as described previously [27, 28]. Serum OCN and VEGF levels were analyzed by using rabbit-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Bioleaf Biotech, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Intramembranous bone regeneration and implant placement using mechanical femoral marrow ablation: rodent models

“…4,17,20,21,37,38 To assess the reproducibility of the model, we re-analyzed outcome data from the mouse marrow ablation model and the rat implant fixation model in which the animal strain, age, sex and experimental end points were comparable. Both mouse studies included females from FVB/NJ and BALB/cJ strains of the same age (10-11 weeks) with the same end point (bone volume/tissue volume, BV/TV) at 7 days post-marrow ablation.…”

“…Blood is then centrifuged to separate the serum from blood solids and serum samples are stored at À 20 1C until analyzed. 38 …”