Particle growth with photochemical age from new particle formation to haze in the winter of Beijing, China

Chu, Biwu; Dada, Lubna; Yao, Lei; Wang, Yonghong; Du, Wei; Cai, Jing; Daellenbach, Kaspar R.; Chen, Xuemeng; Simonen, Pauli; Zhou, Ying; Deng, Chao; Fu, Yuan; Yin, Rujing; Li, Haiyan; He, Xu‐Cheng; Feng, Zeming; Yan, Chao; Kangasluoma, Juha; Bianchi, Federico; Jiang, Jingkun; Kujansuu, Joni; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; He, Hong; Kulmala, Markku

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142207

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Our results suggest that NPF events at urban areas could have a bigger influence on global/regional climate and air pollution than those NPF events in urban areas were likely transported to regional background sites during our observation. Yet, it remains unknown whether NPF event at regional background sites can affect NPF event in urban areas despite the fact that NPF event and particle growth which are driven by regional air masses can also interact with urban climate (Salma et al, 2016, Du et al 2021). To fill the knowledge gap, long-term observations on NPF events upwind and downwind urban Beijing are important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 1, NPF events occurring simultaneously at both sites only happened when air masses arrived at both sites from the same directions, suggesting that most of the observed NPF events took place over the whole studied area, extending for several hundreds of kilometers (Dai et al, 2017, Du et al 2021). The occurrences of common NPF events also closely connected with air mass origins that 7 (out of 9) common NPF events occurred under air masses in the North group, with the other two NPF events in the South group.…”

Section: Favorable Air Mass Origin For Npf Events At Individual Locationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…into new particle formation (NPF) event days and non-event days. This classification followed procedures presented by Dal Maso et al ( 2005) and later adapted for urban locations (Chu et al, 2021) in which a day is classified as a NPF event day if (a) a new mode in the size range smaller than 25 nm appeared and (b) the new mode kept growing over several hours. On the other hand, non-event days are the days which do not fit any of the abovementioned criteria and undefined days are the days which fit either one of the abovementioned criteria or the days which we cannot distinguish whether the new mode was from NPF event or traffic.…”

Section: Npf Event Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier observations found that diameters of newly-formed particles should be larger than 70 nm to contribute to cloud condensation nuclei significantly (Man et al, 2015;Ma et al, 2021) and will be considered as haze particles when their size larger than 100 nm (Kulmala et al 2021…”

Section: Ending Diameters Of Newly-formed Grown Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the newly formed particles grow to certain sizes, they can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), affecting the regional and global climate (Pierce and Adams., 2009;Yu and Luo., 2009). NPF events were also found to contribute to haze formation and thus can influence air quality, especially in megacities where the precursor concentrations and associated particle formation rates are rather high (Guo et al, 2014;Guo et al, 2020;Kulmala et al, 2021, Du & Dada et al 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement Report: New particle formation characteristics at an urban and a mountain station in Northern China

Zhou

Hakala

Yan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events have attracted increasing attention for their contribution to the global aerosol number budget, and therefore their effects on climate, air quality, and human health. NPF events are regarded as a regional phenomenon, occurring over a large area. However, the spatial variation of NPF intensity has not been investigated in detail by incorporating both urban and regional measurements. Urban environments have more heterogeneous and freshly emitted NPF precursors as compared to environments with less anthropogenic activity. Here, we provide a comparison of NPF event characteristics – NPF event frequency, particle formation rate, and growth rate – by comparing an urban Beijing site and a background mountain site separated by ~80 km from June 14 to July 14, 2019 as well as give insights into the connection between both locations. During the measurement period, 12 and 13 NPF events were observed at the urban and background mountain sites, respectively, with 9 NPF events observed on the same day at both sites. Although the median condensation sink during the first two hours of the common NPF events was around 0.01 s−1 at both sites, there were notable differences in particle formation rates between the two locations (median of 5.42 cm−3 s−1 at the urban site and 1.13 cm−3 s−1 at the mountain site during the first two hours of common NPF events). Yet, the particle growth rates in the 7–15 nm range for common NPF events were comparable (median of 7.6 nm.h−1 at the urban site and 6.5 nm.h−1 at the mountain site as median values). To understand whether the observed events were connected, we compared air mass trajectories as well as meteorological conditions at both stations. Favorable conditions for the occurrence of regional NPF events were largely affected by air mass transport. Overall, our results demonstrate a clear inhomogeneity of regional NPF within a distance of ~100 km, which should be considered in regional-scale aerosol models when estimating the budget of aerosol load and cloud condensation nuclei.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Favorable Air Mass Origin For Npf Events At Individual Locationsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Npf Event Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ending Diameters Of Newly-formed Grown Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%