Particle‐Free Emulsions for 3D Printing Elastomers

Rauzan, Brittany M.; Nelson, Arif Z.; Lehman, Sean E.; Ewoldt, Randy H.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201707032

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Elucidation of target rheological properties a priori can enable design‐based approaches that can accelerate materials discovery efforts. [ 38–40 ] This approach is a pillar in the engineering design method, which leverages mathematical models to define how variations in material properties will affect physical phenomena. [ 38,40,41 ] Herein, we validate a steady‐state flow model for the extrusion of shear‐thinning PHs to concretely establish design benchmarks in the form of Ashby‐style plots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Description for Designing the Extrudability of Shear‐Thinning Physical Hydrogels

Hernandez

Souza

Appel

2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

138

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Physically associated hydrogels (PHs) capable of reversible transitions between solid and liquid‐like states have enabled novel strategies for 3D printing, therapeutic drug and cell delivery, and regenerative medicine. Among the many design criteria (e.g., viscoelasticity, cargo diffusivity, biocompatibility) for these applications, engineering PHs for extrudability is a necessary and critical design criterion for the successful application of these materials. As the development of many distinct PH material systems continues, a strategy to determine the extrudability of PHs a priori will be exceedingly useful for reducing costly and time‐consuming trial‐and‐error experimentation. Here, a strategy to determine the property–function relationships for PHs in injectable drug delivery applications at clinically relevant flow rates is presented. This strategy—validated with two chemically and physically distinct PHs—reveals material design spaces in the form of Ashby‐style plots that highlight acceptable, application‐specific material properties. It is shown that the flow behavior of PHs does not obey a single shear‐thinning power law and the implications for injectable drug delivery are discussed. This approach for generating design criteria has potential for streamlining the screening of PHs and their utility in applications with varying geometrical (i.e., needle diameter) and process (i.e., flow rate) constraints.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Description for Designing the Extrudability of Shear‐Thinning Physical Hydrogels

Hernandez

Souza

Appel

2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

138

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“…When the applied stress exceeds the yield stress, these fluids will flow and deform readily; below the yield stress, suspended components are held in place. This complex behavior enables applications that range from familiar to fantastic, including hair gel, toothpaste, drug delivery (11)(12)(13), and 3D printing (14)(15)(16). There are numerous design routes one can take when formulating a yield-stress fluid, with many different applicable chemistries and material structures (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Embedded droplet printing in yield-stress fluids

Nelson

Kundukad

Wong

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Microfluidic tools and techniques for manipulating fluid droplets have become core to many scientific and technological fields. Despite the plethora of existing approaches to fluidic manipulation, non-Newtonian fluid phenomena are rarely taken advantage of. Here we introduce embedded droplet printing—a system and methods for the generation, trapping, and processing of fluid droplets within yield-stress fluids, materials that exhibit extreme shear thinning. This technique allows for the manipulation of droplets under conditions that are simply unattainable with conventional microfluidic methods, namely the elimination of exterior influences including convection and solid boundaries. Because of this, we believe embedded droplet printing approaches an ideal for the experimentation, processing, or observation of many samples in an “absolutely quiescent” state, while also removing some troublesome aspects of microfluidics including the use of surfactants and the complexity of device manufacturing. We characterize a model material system to understand the process of droplet generation inside yield-stress fluids and develop a nascent set of archetypal operations that can be performed with embedded droplet printing. With these principles and tools, we demonstrate the benefits and versatility of our method, applying it toward the diverse applications of pharmaceutical crystallization, microbatch chemical reactions, and biological assays.

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“…in three-dimensional printing and coating with polymeric fluids (Rauzan et al. 2018; Jalaal et al. 2019; Nelson et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%