Particle exposure levels during CVD growth and subsequent handling of vertically-aligned carbon nanotube films

Bello, Dhimiter; Hart, A. John; Ahn, Kwangseog; Hallock, Marilyn F.; Yamamoto, Namiko; García, Enrique J.; Ellenbecker, Michael J.; Wardle, Brian L.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2008.03.003

Cited by 100 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Measurements carried out at factories producing ENM indicate that worker exposure is possible, such as during the production and handling of dry powders [82][83][84][85][86]. However, the extent to which such worker exposure leads to ENM release to the environment is currently unknown.…”

Section: Case Study 5: Carbon Nanotubes In Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Nowack¹,

Ranville²,

Diamond³

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

516

350

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Abstract-The risks associated with exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) will be determined in part by the processes that control their environmental fate and transformation. These processes act not only on ENM that might be released directly into the environment, but more importantly also on ENM in consumer products and those that have been released from the product. The environmental fate and transformation are likely to differ significantly for each of these cases. The ENM released from actual direct use or from nanomaterial-containing products are much more relevant for ecotoxicological studies and risk assessment than pristine ENM. Released ENM may have a greater or lesser environmental impact than the starting materials, depending on the transformation reactions and the material. Almost nothing is known about the environmental behavior and the effects of released and transformed ENM, although these are the materials that are actually present in the environment. Further research is needed to determine whether the release and transformation processes result in a similar or more diverse set of ENM and ultimately how this affects environmental behavior. This article addresses these questions, using four hypothetical case studies that cover a wide range of ENM, their direct use or product applications, and their likely fate in the environment. Furthermore, a more definitive classification scheme for ENM should be adopted that reflects their surface condition, which is a result of both industrial and environmental processes acting on the ENM. The authors conclude that it is not possible to assess the risks associated with the use of ENM by investigating only the pristine form of the ENM, without considering alterations and transformation processes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:50-59. # 2011 SETAC

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Section: Case Study 5: Carbon Nanotubes In Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Nowack¹,

Ranville²,

Diamond³

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

516

350

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bello et al 23 reported no increase in the total particle number concentration at any particle size range as compared to background during CVD growth of CNTs and subsequent handling ͑removal from the furnace and detachment from the growth substrate͒. They subsequently measured airborne exposure to nanoparticles and fibers during dry and wet abrasive machining of hybrid advanced composites and found samples containing CNTs at the emission source and at the breathing zone of the workers.…”

Section: Inhalation Exposure To Cntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes and pleural damage: Perspectives of nanosafety in the light of asbestos experience

Stella¹

2011

Biointerphases

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“…In the case of the CNT based approach, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) is used to growth forests or "carpets" of vertically-aligned CNTs (Bello et al 2008). A silicon substrate with patterned Fe/Al 2 O 3 catalyst is placed on a horizontal quartz tube furnace at atmospheric pressure at 750 ºC for the CNTs growth.…”

Section: Development Of a Novel Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a flexible pressure sensor for measurement of endotension

Santos¹,

Tavares²

2011

Technology and Medical Sciences

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Particle exposure levels during CVD growth and subsequent handling of vertically-aligned carbon nanotube films

Cited by 100 publications

References 14 publications

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Carbon nanotubes and pleural damage: Perspectives of nanosafety in the light of asbestos experience

Development of a flexible pressure sensor for measurement of endotension

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