Particle Collection Efficiency and Particle Re-entrainment of an Electrostatic Precipitator in a Sewage Sludge Incineration Plant

Ferge, T.; Maguhn, Jürgen; Felber, Hannes; Zimmermann, Ralf

doi:10.1021/es034709s

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To achieve comparability of the measurements despite the heterogeneous fuel and unstable fire, all measurements were synchronously performed by two identical systems at two measurement points. The option of time-resolved analysis, tested at the soot blowing routine, allows to investigate peak mass concentrations of the raw gas and its impact, e.g., on the consecutive cleaning systems like electrostatic precipitators, to investigate cleaning effectiveness or clogging behavior (Ferge et al 2004;Maguhn et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A method commonly used is to suck the raw gas through a temperature resistant, sometimes cooled (quartz) tube (Enders et al 2000;Christmann 1999) and dilute the sample at the end of the sampling line, e.g. by ejection diluters (Ferge et al 2004;Zimmermann et al 2000). To reduce physical changes (e.g., condensation, coagulation) of the aerosol particles inside the probe, rapid dilution was applied in the probe body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement System for Characterization of Gas and Particle Phase of High Temperature Combustion Aerosols

Deuerling

Maguhn

Nordsieck

et al. 2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A measurement system was developed to sample and analyze the particle and gas phase of high temperature combustion aerosols up to a particle aerodynamic diameter of approximately 3 mm. The rapid changes of aerosol composition and concentration caused by the inhomogeneous fuel and changing burning conditions were accommodated by a combined measurement of both gas and particle phase and a synchronous measurement of two identical systems at two different positions at the boiler. Based on works reported earlier, an air-cooled dilution probe was designed and adapted to the corrosive composition of the combustion aerosol by use of a silica glass inlet and a ceramic porous tube diluter (PTD). Directly behind the probe, the raw gas is passing a cyclone which precipitates the coarse particles >25 µm, and is then split into a gas analysis and a particle analysis branch. The particle branch, after further dilution and cooling to ambient temperature, is split for a simultaneous analysis by an APS and a low pressure impactor (ELPI or BLPI). The whole sampling line is conditioned to 300• C until final dilution and cooling to ambient temperature.The measurement system was employed at different incineration plants between 220• C and 950• C for various experiments, e.g., time resolved concentration analysis during soot blowing cleaning routine. The mass concentration balance, including the content of the inlet, achieved a 92% match of the total slag mass balance of the investigated plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement System for Characterization of Gas and Particle Phase of High Temperature Combustion Aerosols

Deuerling

Maguhn

Nordsieck

et al. 2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The ELPI is designed for real-time monitoring of aerosol particle mass and number size distributions. [7][8][9] The ELPI measures aerodynamic size distribution in the size range of 0.03-10 m using 12 channels. The operating principle is based on application of a charge, inertial classification, and electrical detection of the aerosol particles.…”

Section: Sampling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Inhalable Particulate Matter Concentration and Size Distribution from Power Plants in China

Hao

Duan

et al. 2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In this investigation, the collection efficiency of particulate emission control devices (PECDs), particulate matter (PM) emissions, and PM size distribution were determined experimentally at the inlet and outlet of PECDs at five coal-fired power plants. Different boilers, coals, and PECDs are used in these power plants. Measurement in situ was performed by an electrical low-pressure impactor with a sampling system, which consisted of an isokinetic sampler probe, precut cyclone, and two-stage dilution system with a sample line to the instruments. The size distribution was measured over a range from 0.03 to 10 m. Before and after all of the PECDs, the particle number size distributions display a bimodal distribution. The PM 2.5 fraction emitted to atmosphere includes a significant amount of the mass from the coarse particle mode. The controlled and uncontrolled emission factors of total PM, inhalable PM (PM 10 ), and fine PM P(M 2.5 ) were obtained. Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and baghouse total collection efficiencies are 96.38 -99.89% and 99.94%, respectively. The minimum collection efficiency of the ESP and the baghouse both appear in the particle size range of 0.1-1 m. In this size range, ESP and baghouse collection efficiencies are 85.79 -98.6% and 99.54%. Real-time measurement shows that the mass and number concentration of PM 10 will be greatly affected by the operating conditions of the PECDs. The number of emitted particles increases with increasing boiler load level because of higher combustion temperature. During test run periods, the data reproducibility is satisfactory. INTRODUCTIONInhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ) is one of the principal pollutants of the urban air in China 1 and is also a main contributor for other pollution phenomena, such as visibility degradation and global climate change. Furthermore, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ultrafine particle matter are more harmful to human health than coarse particles. 2 Many indicators of health impacts have a close relationship with the time of exposure to certain concentrations of fine particles. 3 Most PM 10 in the atmosphere comes from power plants, vehicles, and other combustion sources and is usually associated with significant toxic matter. 4 Coal is the major energy source in China and, even in 2020, will account for 54% of total energy consumption. 5 In our country, ϳ80% of coal is consumed by direct combustion. Most of this is consumed by power plants (ϳ45% of total coal consumption today and predicted to increase to 62% in 2010). The electric power industry accounts for the highest emissions of smoke and dust among all industries. 6 The particulate matter (PM) emitted from coal combustion is becoming an important research topic in China. Historically, particulate emission control mainly dealt with the reduction of the mass of the PM released into the atmosphere. However, an estimate for the number concentration of primary combustion aerosol particles demonstrates the potential importance of such anthropogenic source...

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“…The ELPI has primarily been used in the automotive industry (2)(3)(4)(5) and in industrial hygiene applications (6,7). More recently, it has been applied to the evaluation of electrostatic phenomena in medicinal aerosols, including metered dose inhalers (MDIs) (8) and DPIs (9).…”

Section: The Elpi Tmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic and Electrostatic Properties of Model Dry Powder Aerosols: a Comprehensive Study of Formulation Factors

Telko

Hickey

2014

AAPS PharmSciTech

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ABSTRACT. The impact of formulation variables on aerodynamic and electrostatic properties of dry powder aerosol particles is of great importance to the development of efficient and reproducible inhaler products. Systematic evaluation requires a well-designed series of experiments using appropriate methods. A factorial experimental design was employed. In broad terms, the conditions considered were two drugs, albuterol and budesonide, in combination with different excipients, drug concentrations, delivered doses, and metering system (capsule composition) and sampled under different flow conditions using standard entrainment tubes. Samples were collected in an electrical low-pressure impactor, to evaluate distribution of electrostatic properties, and an Andersen eight-stage nonviable cascade impactor, to estimate aerodynamic particle size distribution, concurrently. The deposition studies allowed calculation of approximate per particle charge levels for drug. The results showed very high particle charge levels, often in the 1,000-10,000 of elementary charges per particle range, orders of magnitude higher than charge levels predicted by the Boltzmann charge distribution. The charge levels are considerably higher than had previously been estimated (200e per particle).

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Particle Collection Efficiency and Particle Re-entrainment of an Electrostatic Precipitator in a Sewage Sludge Incineration Plant

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Measurement System for Characterization of Gas and Particle Phase of High Temperature Combustion Aerosols

Measurement System for Characterization of Gas and Particle Phase of High Temperature Combustion Aerosols

Characteristics of Inhalable Particulate Matter Concentration and Size Distribution from Power Plants in China

Aerodynamic and Electrostatic Properties of Model Dry Powder Aerosols: a Comprehensive Study of Formulation Factors

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