Particle-bound PAH content in ambient air

Sheu, Hwey-Lin; Lee, Wen‐Jhy; Lin, Sue J.; Fang, Guor‐Cheng; Chang, Huei-Chuau; You, Wen-Chun

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(97)00044-4

Cited by 101 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Figure 7 illustrates the results of this study against other studies reported in the literature. Data from this research study compared well with data from other research studies [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The sum of the concentrations of PAHs in rural, suburban and urban locations range between 0.5 to 20 ng/m 3 .…”

Section: Analysis Of Pahs Versus Ultrafine Particles Countssupporting

confidence: 70%

Measurements and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons near a Major Interstate

Mikel

Aneja

2016

Proceedings of the 1st International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured near Interstate 40, just east of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. One hundred seven 8-h integrated samples were collected on 20 sampling days over a 2 month period in Fall 2014. The 8-h samples were collected by low flow (16.7 L/min) fine particulate samplers. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Temporal distribution of the PAHs (0.1-21.6 ng/m 3 ± 9.0 std) were compared to meteorological and pollutant data collected at the near roadway station. There is a weak but significant correlation between the sum of the measured PAHs with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide, with the R 2 values being 0.0049, 0.0187 and 0.0788 respectively. However the p-values (α = 0.05) were 0.044, 0.002 and 0.044, which are significant. Wind rose analysis illustrated the morning hours which were predominantly southern winds, while the afternoon hours illustrated southerly and easterly winds, which suggests that the automobile traffic as the main source of PAHs. The nighttime hours wind rose shows winds from northerly and easterly direction, which are predominantly from the RDU International Airport. PAH concentration found in this study compare favorably to other research studies (0.1 to 193.6 ng/m 3 ) both nationally and internationally.

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Section: Analysis Of Pahs Versus Ultrafine Particles Countssupporting

confidence: 70%

Measurements and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons near a Major Interstate

Mikel

Aneja

2016

Proceedings of the 1st International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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“…Among these chemicals, PAHs, especially the high -molecular -weight ones (four to seven rings ), are of particular interest because many of them can be metabolically activated in vivo to DNA -reactive intermediates and are known to be mutagenic and carcinogenic in rodents ( IARC Monographs, 1984 ) . Because of their low volatility, these heavy PAHs are predominantly found associated with the respirable fraction of suspended particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) (Pott, 1983;Shen et al, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In the context of a large -scale molecular epidemiology study of biomarkers of genotoxicity of air pollution, 24 -h mean personal exposures to airborne PM 2.5 ( particulate matter < 2.5 m ) and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAHs ) were measured in 194 non -smoking technical institute students living in the city of Athens, Greece ( an area with moderately high levels of air pollution ) and the nearby small town of Halkida anticipated to have lower pollution levels. Extensive information relevant to the assessment of long -term and recent exposure to PAH was obtained from questionnaires as well as a time ± location ± activity diary ( TLAD ) which was kept by all subjects during a 4 -day observation period. During the last 24 h of this period, subjects underwent personal exposure monitoring for PM 2.5 and PAH, while a sample of blood was donated at the end of this period. All subjects were monitored in this way twice; once during a winter season ( October ± February ) and once during the following summer season ( June ± September ) . Nine subjects with plasma cotinine levels above 20 ng / ml were considered as unreported smokers and excluded from the study. Winter PM 2.5 exposures were lower in Athens ( geometric mean 39.7 g / m 3 ) than Halkida ( geometric mean 56.2 g / m 3 ) (P < 0.001 ) , while there was no significant location difference during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 32.3 g / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 32.9 g / m 3 ; P= 0.79 ) . On the other hand, PAH exposures ( sum of the eight carcinogenic PAHs ) were significantly higher in Athens than in Halkida during the winter ( Athens: geometric mean 8.26 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 5.80 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) as well as during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 4.44 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 1.48 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) . There was a significant difference in the profile of the PAH exposures at the two locations, the proportion of lighter PAH ( benzo This difference appeared to be related to individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) , as indicated by ( a ) the correlation at the individual level between the CHRYS / BPer ratio and declared time of recent exposure to ETS as well as plasma cotinine levels, especially during the winter; ( b ) the parallel variation of the mean levels of all three markers ( declared ETS exposure, cotinine levels, CHRYS / BPer ratio ) among three subgroups of subjects ( Athens subjects who had lowest levels of all three markers; Halkida subjects other than those living in the institute campus area; and Halkida subjects living in the institute campus area who had the highest levels of all three markers ) . This demonstrates that ETS can have a distinctive effect on the PAH exposure profile of subjects exposed to relatively low levels of urban air pollution.

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“…The masses of primary and secondary ions of PAHs were determined using the scan mode for pure PAH standards. PAHs were qualified using the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode (21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their carcinogenic potencies from cooking sources to the urban atmosphere.

Lin

Lee

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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165

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Traffic has long been recognized as the major contributor to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. However, this does not consider the contribution of cooking sources of PAHs. This study set out, first, to assess the characteristics of PAHs and their corresponding benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (B[a]Peq) emissions from cooking sources to the urban atmosphere. To illustrate the importance of cooking sources, PAH emissions from traffic sources were then calculated and compared. The entire study was conducted on a city located in southern Taiwan. PAH samples were collected from the exhaust stacks of four types of restaurant: Chinese, Western, fast food, and Japanese. For total PAHs, results show that the fractions of gaseous PAHs (range, 75.9-89.9%) were consistently higher than the fractions of particulate PAHs (range, 10.1-24.1%) in emissions from the four types of restaurant. But for total B[a]Peq, we found that the contributions of gaseous PAHs (range, 15.7-21.9%) were consistently lower than the contributions of particulate PAHs (range, 78.1-84.3%). For emission rates of both total PAHs and total B[a]Peq, a consistent trend was found for the four types of restaurant: Chinese (2,038 and 154 kg/year, respectively) > Western (258 and 20.4 kg/year, respectively) > fast food (31.4 and 0.104 kg/year, respectively) > Japanese (5.11 and 0.014 kg/year, respectively). By directly adapting the emission data obtained from Chinese restaurants, we found that emission rates on total PAHs and total B[a]Peq for home kitchen sources were 6,639 and 501 kg/year, respectively. By combining both restaurant sources and home kitchen sources, this study yielded emission rates of total PAHs and total B[a]Peq from cooking sources of the studied city of 8,973 and 675 kg/year, respectively. Compared with PAH emissions from traffic sources in the same city, we found that although the emission rates of total PAHs for cooking sources were significantly less than those for traffic sources (13,500 kg/year), the emission rates of total B[a]Peq for cooking sources were much higher than those for traffic sources (61.4 kg/year). The above results clearly indicate that although cooking sources are less important than traffic sources in contributing to total PAH emissions, PAH emissions from cooking sources might cause much more serious problems than traffic sources, from the perspective of carcinogenic potency.

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Particle-bound PAH content in ambient air

Cited by 101 publications

References 12 publications

Measurements and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons near a Major Interstate

Measurements and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons near a Major Interstate

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their carcinogenic potencies from cooking sources to the urban atmosphere.

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