Participatory variety slection of cold tolerant rice in the western hills of Nepal

Karki, T. B.; Koirala, K. B.; Bk, Sb

doi:10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7545

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…According to a study by Karki et al, farmers in Nepal have thus far embraced Chhomrong, Machhapuchre-3, Chandannath-1, Chandannath-3, and Palung-2 as cultivars that tolerate cold conditions. The Chhomrong variety has become the most significant variety in Madagascar and Bhutan [76].…”

Section: Alleviation Of Flashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Tolerant and Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Sustainable Food Security of the Flash Flood-Prone Haor Wetlands of Bangladesh

Hossain,

Biswas,

Islam

2023

Sustainability

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Rice cultivation in the low-lying basin-like wetlands, known as the Haor, is often affected by early flash floods during the first two weeks of April. The flooding is mainly caused by heavy rainfall and water surging downstream from the Meghalaya hills in India. This flash flood poses a significant threat to rice production, risking the country’s food security. Dry winter (Boro) rice is the primary food source throughout the year in the Haor region. Flash floods are the most catastrophic, affecting about 80% or even the entire rice yield. In 2017, a loss of 0.88 million metric tons of Boro rice in Haor regions cost the nation USD 450 million. To escape flash floods, it is recommended to sow Boro rice earlier, between the last week of October and the first week of November, instead of around 15 November so rice may be harvested by the last week of March before the onset of flash floods. However, early sowing has a possibility of causing grain sterility due to cold spells when the booting and heading stages of rice inevitably coincide with the cold period between 15 January and 7 February. The minimum temperature in the Haor regions ranges from 11 to 15 °C during this time. Rice is especially susceptible to low average temperatures (<20 °C) during the reproductive stage, leading to pollen abortion and the malformation of immature microspores. Low temperatures mainly impact rice cultivation in Haor regions during the reproductive phase, resulting in the degeneration of the spikelets, partial panicle exertion, and increased spikelet sterility, leading to a decrease in grain yield. Over two million hectares of Boro rice have been damaged by extreme cold spells in recent years, resulting in partial or total yield loss. To overcome the threats of flash floods and cold injury, breeding short-duration and cold-tolerant rice varieties is crucial. We assume that an economic benefit of USD 230 million per year could be achieved through the development and adoption of short-duration and cold-tolerant high-yielding rice varieties in the Haor regions of the country. In this review article, the authors summarized the problems and outline a way forward to overcome the flash flood and cold injury of Boro rice cultivation in the Haor districts of the country. Furthermore, the authors discussed the various forms and scenarios of cold damage and the global existence of cold-tolerant rice cultivars. Based on the available data from earlier research, a potential way of mitigating flash floods and cold devastation was suggested.

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Section: Alleviation Of Flashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Tolerant and Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Sustainable Food Security of the Flash Flood-Prone Haor Wetlands of Bangladesh

Hossain,

Biswas,

Islam

2023

Sustainability

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“…On the other hand, Tainan-1, Chainan-2, Chainung-242, Taichung-176, Himali, Kanchan, Khumal-2, Khumal-3, Khumal-4, Khumal-5, Khumal-6, Khumal-7, Khumal-8, Khumal-9 and Manjushree 2 have been released for foot hills to mid hills of warm temperate areas of Nepal. Karki et al (2010) reported that Chhomrong dhan, Machhapuchre-3, Chandannath-1 and Chandannath-3 and Palung-2 have been adopted so far by farmers in Nepal as chilling tolerant cultivars. Chomrong rice of Nepal has become the most important variety in Bhutan and Madagascar covering around 85% of their rice area.…”

Section: Variety Released Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Injury and Flash Flood Damage in Boro Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh: A Review

Rashid

Yasmeen

2018

Bangladesh Rice J.

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Increasing population with decreasing resources and increasing climate vulnerability appeared as the great challenges to sustain food security of Bangladesh. Cold stress adversely affects growth and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Systematic studies have been carried out to improve understanding on rice cold tolerance. Two adverse conditions, such as low temperature stress at reproductive stages and flash flood at maturity affect the Boro rice in the haor areas of Bangladesh. Any deviation of these two phenomena is enough to cause disaster in haor areas. Here, we summarized different types of cold injury, rice cold injury scenario and cold tolerant rice varieties/genotypes available in different countries. Moreover, we discussed on rice cold tolerant barrier and flash flood risk in Boro rice cultivation at haor areas of Bangladesh. Based on the authors’ own research and available data, the concept of overcoming cold and flash flood damage was proposed. According to this concept there were distinguished possible ways how to improve cold tolerance and flash flood problem in Boro rice cultivation in BangladeshBangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(1): 13-25

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“…For high hill and temperate conditions (2500-m and above) cold tolerant rice varieties of Chandannath-1 & 3 and other have been developed and popularized especially in Jumla and Karnali regions (Paudel, 2011) where there is acute shortage of food and around 3.9 million people in the area suffered from hunger and malnutrition (Paudel, 2010). Similarly, rice varieties Machhapuchhere-3 and Chhomrong Local have been popularized in upper high hills of more than 2000-m (Karki, et al, 2010). Likewise, improved varieties of maize, wheat, maize, tomato and potato have been developed to address situation brought about by climate change such as emergence of new insects, pests and diseases and natural disasters of flood, drought, hail storm and many more.…”

Section: Nepal's Efforts To Address Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Global effect of climate change and food security with respect to Nepal

Paudel

2015

J. Agric. & Environ.

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The effect of global climate change in Nepal could be observed by glacier retreat in the Himalaya region and change in the pattern of the south west monsoon which is the only reliable source of water for farming. Climate change has been occurred in Terai, hills and mountain of Nepal resulting change in agriculture systems leading to the emergence of new insect, pest and disease of crops and animals. There are frequent losses of lives, crops and, human settlements due to occurrence of flash floods, droughts, typhoon and hurricanes in the world mainly due to climate change. Global food production and trade have been affected by the negative consequences of climate change as a result countries like Nepal are also victimized due to the negative effect of climate change. Increase in C02concentration in the atmosphere and change in precipitation are being the main cause of floods, droughts, glacier retreat, and melting of snows, hence, change in the flora and fauna globally. To address such measures of climate change, Nepal has been trying to develop some adoptive ways such as development of climate resilient technology including crop varieties, animal breeds; agronomic practices that could address vagaries of climate change and sustain food and nutritional security. In Nepal, the effect of climate change is more pronounced in hills and mountains with respect to increase in temperature than that of Terai. This paper tries to address issue of global climate change with respect to food security of Nepal by applying some of the pragmatic adoptive measures to follow in agriculture for sustaining food security in Nepal.

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Participatory variety slection of cold tolerant rice in the western hills of Nepal

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Cold-Tolerant and Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Sustainable Food Security of the Flash Flood-Prone Haor Wetlands of Bangladesh

Cold-Tolerant and Short-Duration Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Sustainable Food Security of the Flash Flood-Prone Haor Wetlands of Bangladesh

Cold Injury and Flash Flood Damage in Boro Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh: A Review

Global effect of climate change and food security with respect to Nepal

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