Participatory process for mapping socio-environmental determinants of health by community agents: Contributions to urban management and planning

Abstract

Studies about socio-environmental determinants are recognized as important to better understand the factors that influence health and quality of life, and how they operate to generate inequalities. This article reports the mapping of socio-environmental determinants of health, carried out by community health agents from the community of Paraisópolis, the second-largest slum in the city of São Paulo (state of São Paulo), seeking to analyze potential contributions of this participatory process to urban management and planning. As part of an action research study and following the stages of Paulo Freire’s Research Itinerary (Culture Circles), the mapping was carried out by integrating the Talking Map technique with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in what has been called Participatory GIS or Geographic Information Systems with Social Participation (PGIS). Positive aspects were recognized and addressed by community agents, as well as several situations of socio-environmental vulnerability as a result of the agglomerated nature of the place, directly related to urban management and planning needs. This shows that, through a participatory mapping process, citizens cannot only better identify, but also more effectively communicate their needs and qualify intervention strategies in the territory. Therefore, it is possible to address the residents’ priorities more representatively, especially in places where traditionally marginalized social groups live. And also, community health agents, who play a central role in this research process because they live and work in the same place, are fundamental to boost, mobilize, and support the complex aspects involved, both in Primary Health Care, as well as in urban management and planning.

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“…The Southeast region is characterized as the country's largest economic hub, which generates a high flow of people through its municipalities, coupled with a high population density [ 35 ]. The intense economic activity in the region leads to rapid transformations in its socio-spatial organization, potentially creating contradictory territorial arrangements between areas with full access to urban infrastructure and peripheral regions with precarious housing conditions and limited access to services [ 36 , 37 ]. Additionally, the average Gini coefficient, a measure of income inequality among the states in the region, is 0.523, highlighting a significant inequality in these communities [ 38 ].…”