Participatory forestry improves mangrove forest management in Kenya

Kairu, Anne; Kotut, Kiplagat; Mbeche, Robert; Kairo, James Gitundu

doi:10.1505/146554821832140385

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…There are 710ha of mangroves in Gazi bay; represented by nine species [46,47]. The most important mangrove species in Gazi bay are Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Avicennia marina that occupies more than 80% of forest formation [48]. Gazi mangroves exhibit a zonation pattern that is similar to other mangrove forests in Kenya.…”

Section: Mangroves In Gazi Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fringing forest in Gazi is heavily fragmented due to mangrove harvesting for fuelwood in the 1970's [51] that left blank contiguous areas with no natural regeneration to date [41]. Other mangrove species in the zone are Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina that exist as both adults and juveniles [48,69]. The presence of mature established species of Rhizophora mucronata in the study area prompted us use it in the restoration experiment.…”

Section: Vegetation Attributes Of Mangrove In Gazimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature - Based Solutions: Restoring Mangroves for Shoreline Protection and Other Ecosystem Services at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Kinya,

Kairo,

Nyoike

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Debates on climate change challenges around the world are moving in favour of nature-based solutions (NBS) as potential mitigation and adaptation options. Mangroves and associated blue carbon ecosystems are nature-based solutions against sea level rise and other coastal hazards. As such, protecting the existing mangrove forests and restoration of the degraded areas is integral in this aspect. However, conventional mangrove restoration approaches in high-energy areas result in poor performance due to the removal of seedlings by waves. Here, we assessed the efficacy of using modified Riley Encasement Methods in the restoration of eroding intertidal areas of Gazi Bay, Kenya. Vegetation and soil baseline data were collected in 49 square plots of 100m2; established along belt transects perpendicular to the waterline. The following mangrove vegetation data was collected; species composition, tree height (m), and stem diameter (cm); from which the importance value index (IV), basal area and standing density (stems/ha) were derived. Sediment cores were made in the center of each square plot for carbon and grain size analysis. Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) planting adopted a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in which the planting area was divided into three blocks (A, B, C). Within each block, treatments (bamboo and different-sized PVC pipes) were randomly assigned locations. Results show that seedlings grown within PVC encasements had high survival and growth rates, surpassing bamboo and control groups. This implies that PVC pipes offer better protection from external factors. These findings are critical in highlighting potential enhancements for the effectiveness of PVC pipes in mangrove restoration. They also reinforce on the need to consider the incorporation of PVC encasements as an alternative mangrove restoration technique in high-energy locations.

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Section: Mangroves In Gazi Baymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vegetation Attributes Of Mangrove In Gazimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature - Based Solutions: Restoring Mangroves for Shoreline Protection and Other Ecosystem Services at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Kinya,

Kairo,

Nyoike

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are about 700 ha of mangroves in Gazi Bay, represented by nine species [61,62]. The most important mangrove species in Gazi Bay are Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal, and Avicennia marina, and these occupy more than 80% of the forest formation [63]. Gazi mangroves exhibit a zonation pattern that is similar to other mangrove forests in Kenya.…”

Section: The Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fringing forest is heavily fragmented due to mangrove harvesting for fuelwood in the 1970s [41] that left blank contiguous areas [42], leading to the moderately low stand density. Other mangrove species in the zone are Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina, which exist as both adults and juveniles [63,78]. The presence of mature established species of Rhizophora mucronata in the study area prompted us to use it in the restoration experiment (Figure 11).…”

Section: Mangrove Forest Structure In Gazimentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Engineering Mangrove Restoration at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Kinya,

Kairo,

Nyoike

et al. 2024

Diversity

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Mangroves offer a range of globally acknowledged advantages, yet they continue to be lost and degraded. Efforts to restore lost mangroves using conventional techniques in high-energy areas result in low success rates due to the removal of seedlings via wave action. We assessed the efficacy of using modified Riley Encasement Methods in the restoration of mangroves in high-energy areas in Gazi Bay, Kenya. Vegetation and soil baseline data were collected in 49 square plots of 100 m2, which were established along belt transects perpendicular to the shoreline. The following mangrove vegetation data was collected: species composition, tree height (m), and stem diameter (cm). From these, the importance value index (IV), basal area, and standing density (stems/ha) were derived. Sediment cores were made in the center of each square plot for carbon and grain size analysis. Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) planting adopted a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in which the planting area was divided into three blocks (A, B, C). Within each block, treatments (bamboo and different-sized PVC pipes) were randomly assigned locations. The results of the study reveal significant variations in survival and growth rates among treatments. Higher survival rates were recorded for seedlings grown within PVC encasements (43%), surpassing bamboo (1%) and control groups (4%). Our findings suggest that PVC pipes were efficient in supporting and protecting seedlings from external forces. We expound on the implications of the results and highlight potential enhancements for the effectiveness of encasement technique in mangrove restoration.

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“…The current Forest Conservation and Management Act of 2016 and the National Mangrove Ecosystem Management Plan, 2017-2027, also support collaborative forest management. However, [77] noted that the outcomes of PFM initiatives have varied across various locations. While mixed results have been observed in areas such as the Sundarbans in Bangladesh, positive outcomes have been observed in places such as Kwale in Kenya due to government support, donor assistance, and national partnerships.…”

Section: Adaptation Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to climate change of coastal mangrove-dependent communities in the Tana Delta, Kenya: a local perspective

Mulonga,

Olago

2024

Discov Environ

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Coastal mangrove-dependent communities face various risks due to climate change, thus rendering them vulnerable. This study explored the vulnerability of these communities in the Tana Delta in Kenya using an indicator-based vulnerability assessment framework to better understand their exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Data was collected through household surveys (n = 377), focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). The analysis revealed mean vulnerability indices at the sub-location level ranged from 0.850 for Kipini to − 0.913 for Kilelengwani and − 2.702 for Ozi. The statistically significant indicators of vulnerability were (i) exposure—high temperatures and rainfall changes; (ii) sensitivity—household numbers, head of household’s age, dependents’ education, and dependents’ employment; and (iii) adaptive capacity—ownership of assets, access to community infrastructure and services, condition/quality of houses, total income, and alternative sources of income. The findings highlight the need for adaptation strategies that ensure greater financial assets supported by education and skills enhancement to utilize existing opportunities. Attention to community infrastructure and services is crucial. Policy should focus on financial, physical, and human assets to reduce community vulnerability alongside the continued conservation and management of mangrove resources. The results will help policymakers in addressing the impacts of climate change and benefit households in the study area. These insights can be applied to regions with similar climate conditions and livelihood systems.

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Participatory forestry improves mangrove forest management in Kenya

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Nature - Based Solutions: Restoring Mangroves for Shoreline Protection and Other Ecosystem Services at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Nature - Based Solutions: Restoring Mangroves for Shoreline Protection and Other Ecosystem Services at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Eco-Engineering Mangrove Restoration at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Vulnerability to climate change of coastal mangrove-dependent communities in the Tana Delta, Kenya: a local perspective

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