Participatory Design as Apprenticeship: Sustainable Watershed Management as a Community Computing Application

Patterns as a paradigm for theory in community-based learning

“…Indeed, when they wished to change the 149 Website design, they discovered that this outsourcing had deprived them of control. The 150 vendor had all the knowledge, all the content, and all the code (Farooq et al, 2005). Hence, 151 part of the problematic lack of control over IT is not realizing that this problem exists in the 152 first place.…”

“…Community-based volunteer organizations are unique in that their work 254 activities may be loosely coupled and minimally coordinated (Carroll, 2001 (Merkel et al, 2005). Part of the…”

Patterns as a Paradigm for Theory in Community-Based Learning

“…One way that key stakeholders from Spring Creek became active participants in the 347 social context of the website-redesign process was through the use of scenarios as 348 conceptual tools (Farooq et al, 2005). The lead coordinator used scenarios to convey her 349 input into the design process.…”

“…One of the more technical volunteers wanted to 337 follow a rapid prototype approach by proposing several new designs for the website, expert-novice zone of proximal development that concretely led to achieving common 345 ground and understanding through hierarchical modes of learning (Farooq et al, 2005).…”

“…In other words, learning about IT is an on-going 268 facet of everyday activity, in the sense that Dewey (1916) described traditional models for 269 situated learning as integrated into community activities, and in the sense that Lave and 270 Wenger (1991) describe learning as the process of becoming a full participant in a socio-271 cultural practice. Enactment makes the solution sustainable (e.g., Merkel et al, 2005).…”