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Finn, Upham,; Memis, Ahmet Emin; Hansen, Niels Chr.; Rosas, Fernando; Clim, Maria-Alena; Jensenius, Alexander Refsum

doi:10.2218/cim22.1a26

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The question of setting is particularly interesting as there is increasing interest in conducting experiments in live concert settings for increased ecological validity [ 92 – 96 ]. However, there are valid concerns about the loss of control that comes with a naturalistic setting that can be mitigated in-lab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and familiarity effects on musical memory

Sauvé,

Satkunarajah,

Cooke

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background A common complaint in older adults is trouble with their memory, especially for new information. Current knowledge about normal aging and changes in memory identify a divide between memory tasks that are unaffected by aging and those that are. Among the unaffected are recognition tasks. These memory tasks rely on accessing well-known information, often include environmental support, and tend to be automatic. Negative age effects on memory are often observed at both encoding and during recall. Older adults often have difficulty with recall tasks, particularly those that require effortful self-initiated processing, episodic memory, and retention of information about contextual cues. Research in memory for music in healthy aging suggests a skill-invariance hypothesis: that age effects dominate when general-purpose cognitive mechanisms are needed to perform the musical task at hand, while experience effects dominate when music-specific knowledge is needed to perform the task [1]. Aims The goals of this pair of studies were to investigate the effects of age and familiarity on musical memory in the context of real pieces of music, and to compare a live concert experimental setting with a lab-based experimental setting. Method Participants’ task was to click a button (or press the spacebar) when they heard the target theme in three pieces of music. One was Mozart’s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and the others were original pieces commissioned for this study, one tonal and one atonal. Participants heard the relevant theme three times before listening to a piece of music. The music was performed by the Newfoundland Symphony Orchestra; participants either attended the concert, or watched a recording of the concert in the lab. Participants also completed two short cognitive tests and filled out a questionnaire collecting demographic information and a hearing abilities self-assessment. Results We find a significant effect of familiarity and setting but not of age or musical training on recognition performance as measured by d’. More specifically, performance is best for the familiar, tonal piece, moderate for the unfamiliar tonal piece and worst for the unfamiliar atonal piece. Performance was better in the live setting than the lab setting. Conclusions The absence of an age effect provides encouraging evidence that music’s diverse cues may encourage cognitive scaffolding, in turn improving encoding and subsequent recognition. Better performance in an ecological versus lab setting supports the expansion of ecological studies in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and familiarity effects on musical memory

Sauvé,

Satkunarajah,

Cooke

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Setting may matter. The question of setting is particularly interesting as there is increasing interest in conducting experiments in live concert settings for increased ecological validity (Chang et al, 2017;Kayser et al, 2022;O'Neill & Egermann, 2022;Swarbrick et al, 2019;Upham et al, 2022).…”

Section: Findings In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and familiarity effects on musical memory

Sauvé,

Satkunarajah,

Cooke

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background. A common complaint in older adults is trouble with their memory, especially for new information. Current knowledge about normal aging and changes in memory identify a divide between memory tasks that are unaffected by aging and those that are. Among the unaffected are recognition tasks. These memory tasks rely on accessing well-known information, often include environmental support, and tend to be automatic. Negative age effects on memory are often observed at both encoding and during recall. Older adults often have difficulty with recall tasks, particularly those that require effortful self-initiated processing, episodic memory, and retention of information about contextual cues. Research in memory for music in healthy aging suggests a skill-invariance hypothesis: that age effects dominate when general-purpose cognitive mechanisms are needed to perform the musical task at hand, while experience effects dominate when music-specific knowledge is needed to perform the task (Halpern & Bartlett, 2002).Aims. The goals of this pair of studies were to investigate the effects of age and familiarity on musical memory in the context of real pieces of music, and to compare a live concert experimental setting with a lab-based experimental setting.Method. Participants’ task was to click a button (or press the spacebar) when they heard the target theme in three pieces of music. One was Mozart’s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and the others were original pieces commissioned for this study, one tonal and one atonal. Participants heard the relevant theme three times before listening to a piece of music. The music was performed by the Newfoundland Symphony Orchestra; participants either attended the concert, or watched a recording of the concert in the lab. Participants also completed two short cognitive tests and filled out a questionnaire collecting demographic information and a hearing abilities self-assessment.Results. We find a significant effect of familiarity and setting but not of age or musical training on recognition performance as measured by d’. More specifically, performance is best for the familiar, tonal piece, moderate for the unfamiliar tonal piece and worst for the unfamiliar atonal piece. Performance was better in the live setting than the lab setting.Conclusions. The absence of an age effect provides encouraging evidence that music’s diverse cues may encourage cognitive scaffolding, in turn improving encoding and subsequent recognition. Better performance in an ecological versus lab setting supports the expansion of ecological studies in the field.

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Participatory applause

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Age and familiarity effects on musical memory

Age and familiarity effects on musical memory

Age and familiarity effects on musical memory

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