Participation of Wind Power in LMP-Based Energy Markets

Ela, Erik; Edelson, D.

doi:10.1109/tste.2012.2200303

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this case, the price from I1, would become binding, and the resources who are ramp constrained would pay money for supplying energy in I1. Negative prices are not uncommon, as many areas have had occurrences of negative prices due to transmission constraints and minimum generation constraints [35], [36]. However, negative prices due to ramp constraints have not been discussed much in the literature or industry.…”

Section: Importance Of Look-ahead Horizon Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scheduling and Pricing for Expected Ramp Capability in Real-Time Power Markets

Ela

O’Malley

2016

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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Higher variable renewable generation penetrations are occurring throughout the world on different power systems. These resources increase the variability and uncertainty on the system which must be accommodated by an increase in the flexibility of the system resources in order to maintain reliability. Many scheduling strategies have been discussed and introduced to ensure that this flexibility is available at multiple timescales. To meet variability, that is, the expected changes in system conditions, two recent strategies have been introduced: time-coupled multi-period market clearing models and the incorporation of ramp capability constraints. To appropriately evaluate these methods, it is important to assess both efficiency and reliability. But it is also important to assess the incentive structure to ensure that resources asked to perform in different ways have the proper incentives to follow these directions, which is a step often ignored in simulation studies. We find that there are advantages and disadvantages to both approaches. We also find that look-ahead horizon length in multi-period market models can impact incentives. This paper proposes scheduling and pricing methods that ensure expected ramps are met reliably, efficiently, and with associated prices based on true marginal costs that incentivize resources to do as directed by the market. Case studies show improvements of the new method.Index Terms-Economic dispatch, electricity markets, power system economics, power system operations, variable generation. NOMENCLATUREGenerator index/number of generators . Interval index/number of intervals . Also for interval indexing for look-ahead intervals. Bus location index/number of buses.Interval index between models (i.e., lining up time intervals when resolutions are not the same.) Piecewise block index/number of blocks .

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Section: Importance Of Look-ahead Horizon Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scheduling and Pricing for Expected Ramp Capability in Real-Time Power Markets

Ela

O’Malley

2016

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…Furthermore, this method may already be employed when turbines are de-rated for curtailment purposes, for example, because of transmission congestion or minimum generation constraints. 32 The second strategy, called delta reserve, maintains a fixed amount of power in reserve with respect to the maximum power available in the wind. 33 This method therefore requires an estimate P avail of the power that would be available if using the baseline controller, and such an estimator (based on turbine sensor feedback signals and not direct wind measurements) has been implemented within the controller.…”

Section: Controller For Providing Active Power Control Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of power reserve control on wind turbine structural loading

et al. 2015

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As the penetration of wind energy in worldwide electrical utility grids increases, there is a growing interest in the provision of active power control (APC) services from wind turbines and power plants to aid in maintaining grid stability. Recent research has focused on the design of active power controllers for wind turbines that can provide a range of APC services including inertial, primary frequency and secondary frequency control. An important consideration for implementing these controllers in practice is assessing their impact on the lifetime of wind turbine components.In this paper, the impact on the structural loads of a wind turbine providing a power reserve is explored by performing a load suite analysis for several torque-based control strategies. Power reserve is required for providing those APC services that require the ability of the wind turbine to supply an increase in power. To study this, we performed a load suite on a simulated model of a research turbine located at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Analysis of the results explores the effect of the different reserve strategies on turbine loading. In addition, field-test data from the turbine itself are presented to augment and support the findings from the simulation study results. Results indicate that all power-reserve strategies tend to decrease extreme loads and increase pitch actuation. Fatigue loads tend to be reduced in faster winds and increased in slower winds, but are dependent on reserve-controller design. Copyright

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“…To explain why these programs are beneficial, we show an example from Ela and Edelson (2012b). Figure 4-2 shows a simplistic three-bus system, with a cheap generator at Bus 1 (G10), an expensive generator at Bus 3 (G3), and a wind power plant at Bus 2.…”

Section: Flexibility From Nontraditional Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Wholesale Electricity Market Design with Increasing Levels of Renewable Generation

Ela¹,

Milligan²,

Bloom³

et al. 2014

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Variable generation (VG) such as wind and photovoltaic solar power has increased substantially in recent years. VG has at least four unique characteristics compared to the traditional technologies that supply energy in the wholesale electricity markets. It increases the variability of net load (load minus VG) because its available power changes through time because of the changing source (i.e., wind speed or solar irradiance). VG also increases the uncertainty of the net load because the available power can be only partially predicted at all time horizons. Although it has significant fixed capital costs, VG has near-zero or zero variable production costs because of the free source of fuel. When production-based subsidies exist, this variable cost can be negative. Finally, VG has unique diurnal and seasonal patterns that make it primarily an energy resource. This is because periods of high-energy output may not correspond to times of high demand (or risk of insufficient generation) when considering the power system's resource adequacy requirements. These characteristics create unique challenges in planning and operating the power system, and they can also influence the performance and outcomes from electricity markets. At the same time, electricity market design must be robust enough to allow the market/system operator to make the most efficient use of the system, given the many constraints; thus, the market characteristics must be reflective of the physical nature of the power system. This report provides a comprehensive review of wholesale electricity markets and how the introduction of VG has impacted these markets. The report then focuses on two particular issues related to market design: revenue sufficiency for long-term reliability and incentivizing flexibility in short-term operations. Throughout the report, the authors provide an overview of current design and some designs that have been proposed by industry or researchers. Although certain market characteristics described in this report may point to advantages of specific market design elements, we avoid making specific recommendations in this report.

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Participation of Wind Power in LMP-Based Energy Markets

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Scheduling and Pricing for Expected Ramp Capability in Real-Time Power Markets

Scheduling and Pricing for Expected Ramp Capability in Real-Time Power Markets

Effects of power reserve control on wind turbine structural loading

Evolution of Wholesale Electricity Market Design with Increasing Levels of Renewable Generation

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