Participation of the Dorsal Hippocampus in the Glucocorticoid Feedback Effect on Adrenocortical Activity

Feldman, Shaul; Conforti, N.

doi:10.1159/000122974

Cited by 194 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ether was used to anaesthetize the animals to collect the blood samples by using the technique of Feldman and Conforti to avoid stress. 21) Drug Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica o‹cinalis ( Table 1) were collected and authenticated by the Chief Botanist, Tamil Nadu Medicinal Plant Farms and Herbal Medicine Corporation (TAMPCOL) Ltd, Chennai, India. The seedless fruits were dried under shade and made intoˆne powder.…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Triphala on Cold Stress-induced Behavioral and Biochemical Abnormalities in Rats

et al. 2007

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Stress is one of the basic factors in the etiology of number of diseases. Cold-stress occurs when the surrounding temperature drops below 18°C, the body may not be able to warm itself, and hence serious cold-related illnesses, permanent tissue damage and death may results. The present study was aimed to investigate the eŠect of Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica o‹cinalis) against the cold stress-induced alterations in the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in four diŠerent groups (saline control, Triphala, cold-stress and Triphala with cold-stress) of Wistar strain albino rats. In this study cold-stress (8°C for 16 h/d/15 days) was applied and the oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the changes in corticosterone levels. Upon exposure to the cold-stress, a signiˆcant (P＜0.05) increase in immobilization with decrease in rearing, grooming, and ambulation behavior was seen in openˆeld. Following cold-exposure, signiˆcant increase in the LPO and corticosterone levels was observed. Oral administration of Triphala (1 g/kg/animal body weight) for 48 days signiˆcantly prevented these cold stress-induced behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in albino rats. The results of this study suggest that Triphala supplementation can be regarded as a protective drug against stress.

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Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Triphala on Cold Stress-induced Behavioral and Biochemical Abnormalities in Rats

et al. 2007

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“…Ether was used to anaesthetize the animals to collect the blood samples by using the technique of Feldman and Conforti 18) to avoid stress. This procedure was conducted during the morning hours between 08.00-10.00 a.m. to avoid circadian influences.…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Activity of Triphala on Neutrophil Functions

Srikumar

Parthasarathy

Devi

2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

110

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Everyone experiences stress, which results in the over secretion of glucocorticoids. 1) Increase in glucocorticoid level leads to the suppression of immune function in both humans and animals.2) Environmental stress plays an important role in the elevation of blood glucocorticoid level, which suppresses both innate as well as acquired immune functions 3,4) and results in susceptibility to infections. 5)Herbs are selected and combined for their ability to inhibit microbial overgrowth in various parts of the body and support those organ systems responsible for immune functions. In recent years, there is an upsurge in the clinical usage of indigenous drugs, because of their efficacy and being free from serious toxic effects. Moreover constant increase in the antibiotics resistant strains and various side effects caused by the synthetic drugs have prompted scientists to look for herbal immunomodulators to treat various infections. 6)Herbal drugs are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body against infection 7) and their immunomodulatory activities have been reported in numerous plants. 8) Triphala is a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation, consisting equal parts of three medicinal plants namely Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica (Family: Combretaceae) and Emblica officinalis (Family: Euphorbiaceae). Ayurvedic "rasayana" are widely used to enhance the natural resistance to various diseases. 9) Triphala is regarded as an important rasayana in Ayurvedic medicines, as rasayana group are believed to promote health, immunity and longevity. Triphala is believed to have balancing and rejuvenating effects on the three constitutional elements in Ayurveda namely vata, pitta and kapha.10) It has been used extensively as a drug against number of diseases 11,12) and also forms part of many other Ayurvedic formulations. Fruits of Triphala, are claimed to have various biological activities such as anti viral , 13) anti-bacterial, anti-allergic 14) and antimutagenic.15) It is prescribed for various symptoms of infections, obesity, anaemia, fatigue, poor digestion, assimilation and infectious diseases like tuberculosis, pneumonia and AIDS.16)The effect of Triphala on the neutrophil functions has never been studied. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes, constituting the prime part of our innate defense against an extensive number of potentially harmful microorganisms in our environment. 17) In the present study, immunomodulatory property of Triphala in relation to the neutrophil functions was examined. The noise-stress induced changes in the neutrophil functions were investigated and the drug effects on the noise-stress induced changes in neutrophil functions were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsThe study was approved by the Institute's Animal Ethical Committee of the University of Madras (IAEC) and confirmed to national guidelines on the care and use of laboratory animals. Male albino rats (Wistar Strain), weighing 170-190 g were used for the study. Each group consisted of 6 animals. That was maintai...

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“…In adrenalectomized rats, administration of the type II glucocorticoid receptor agonist RU 28362 has been shown to reduce CRF gene expression in the PVN , whereas in intact rats, dexamethasone treatment reduces both basal and stress-stimulated levels of CRF mRNA (Lightman and Young, 1989), with the PVN implicated as a key site of dexamethasone action (Harbuz and Lightman, 1989). The hippocampus, an area that contains substantial concentrations of both type I and type II glucocorticoid receptor subtypes (McEwen et al, 1968;Reul and De Kloet, 1985), has been shown to play a role in the CORT-mediated containment of HPA responses (Jacobson and Sapolsky, 1991;Feldman and Conforti, 1980). As suggested above, inhibitory inputs from the hippocampus to the PVN (Herman et al, 1996) may be enhanced in NRS compared with SRS rats.…”

Section: Why Are the Nrs Rats Stress-nonresponsive And Deficient In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Social Stress Alters Levels of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Arginine Vasopressin mRNA in Rat Brain

et al. 1997

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In the visible burrow system model of chronic social stress, male rats housed in mixed-sex groups quickly form a dominance hierarchy in which the subordinates appear to be severely stressed. A subgroup of subordinates have an impaired corticosterone response after presentation of a novel restraint stressor, leading to their designation as nonresponsive subordinates. To examine the mechanism underlying the blunted corticosterone response in these animals, in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to quantify corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) mRNA expression in the brain. In two separate visible burrow system experiments, the nonresponsive subordinates expressed a significantly lower average number of CRF mRNA grains per cell in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus compared with stress-responsive subordinates, dominants (DOM), or cage-housed control (CON) rats. The number of CRF mRNA labeled cells was also significantly lower in nonresponders than in responsive subordinates or DOM. In the central amygdala, CRF mRNA levels were increased in both groups of subordinates compared with CON rats, whereas responsive subordinates exhibited higher levels than the DOM rats as well. AVP mRNA levels did not vary with behavioral rank in any subdivision of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. In the medial amygdala, the number of cells expressing AVP mRNA was significantly greater in CON rats compared with both groups of subordinates, although the average number of AVP mRNA grains per cell did not vary with rank. In addition, the number of AVP-positive cells significantly correlated with plasma testosterone level.

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Participation of the Dorsal Hippocampus in the Glucocorticoid Feedback Effect on Adrenocortical Activity

Cited by 194 publications

References 21 publications

Protective Effect of Triphala on Cold Stress-induced Behavioral and Biochemical Abnormalities in Rats

Protective Effect of Triphala on Cold Stress-induced Behavioral and Biochemical Abnormalities in Rats

Immunomodulatory Activity of Triphala on Neutrophil Functions

Chronic Social Stress Alters Levels of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Arginine Vasopressin mRNA in Rat Brain

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